The category \(\mathcal O\) for Lie algebras of vector fields. I: Tilting modules and character formulas (Q2216023)

The paper defines the category \(\mathcal{O}\) for three Cartan type simple infinite-dimensional Lie algebras \(W(n)\), \(H(n)\) and \(S(n)\). Namely, let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be one of these simple infinite-dimensional Lie algebras equipped with a natural grading \(\mathfrak{g}=\oplus_{i\ge -1} \mathfrak{g}_{[i]}\). Let \(B=\mathfrak{g}_{[-1]}\oplus\mathfrak{g}_{[0]}\) and let \(\mathfrak{h}\) be a Cartan subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{g}_{[0]}\). A graded module \(M\) belongs to \(\mathcal{O}\) if all (1) all its subspaces of fixed degree are finite-dimensional; (2) \(M\) is locally finite for \(B\); (3) \(M\) is \(\mathfrak{h}\)-semisimple. Denote by \(\Lambda^{-}\) the set of all anti-dominant integral weights of \(\mathfrak{g}_{[0]}\). The authors define standard modules in the category \(\mathcal{O}\) as \(\Delta(\lambda)=U(\mathfrak{g})\otimes_{U(B)}L_0^-(\lambda)\), where \(\lambda\in\Lambda^{-}\) and \(L_0^{-}(\lambda)\) is the irreducible representation of \(B\) with the trivial action of \(\mathfrak{g}[-1]\). They prove that each standard module has a unique irreducible quotient denoted by \(L(\lambda)\). Moreover, all iso-classes of irreducible representations in \(\mathcal{O}\) are exhausted by \(L(\lambda)\), possibly with a a shift of a grading. Next, the authors define costandard modules as \(\nabla(\lambda)=\Hom_{U(\mathfrak{g_0})}(U(\mathfrak{g}),L_0^-(\lambda))\), where \(\mathfrak{g}_0=\oplus_{i\ge 0}\mathfrak{g}_{[i]}\) and prove that \(\nabla(\lambda)\) is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{F}[x_1,\dots,x_n]\otimes L_0^-(\lambda)\) with a natural action of \(\mathfrak{g}\). Then following the papers of \textit{A. N. Rudakov} [Math. USSR, Izv. 8, 836--866 (1975; Zbl 0322.17004); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 38, 835--866 (1974); Math. USSR, Izv. 9, 465--480 (1976); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 39, 496--511 (1975; Zbl 0345.17008)] the authors prove that apart form exceptional characters the costandard modules are simple and isomorphic to \(L(\lambda)\). Following \textit{W. Soergel} [Represent. Theory 2, 432--448 (1998; Zbl 0964.17018)], the authors introduce the notion a tilting module \(T(\lambda)\) as a unique indecomposable object in the category \(\mathcal{O}\), such that (1) \(\operatorname{Ext}^1_{\mathcal{O}}(\Delta(\mu),T(\lambda))=0\) for any \(\mu\in\Lambda^{-}\); (2) \(T(\lambda)\) admits an increasing filtration starting from \(\Delta(\lambda)\) with all quotients isomorphic to \(\Delta(\lambda_i)\) for some \(\lambda_i\in \Lambda^{-}\). Finally, the authors prove that the multiplicities \([T(\lambda):\Delta(\mu)]\) and derive the character formula for these modules.