On toric ind-varieties and pro-affine semigroups (Q2216553)

A countable ascending union \(\mathcal V=\cup V_n\) of finite-dimensional algebraic varieties is called an \textit{infinite-dimensional algebraic variety (ind-variety)} if \(V_n\hookrightarrow V_{n+1}\) are closed embeddings, for every \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) (complex numbers is the field assumed); the notion was introduced by Shafarevich in the sixties. The authors then call an ind-variety a \textit{toric ind-variety}, if an ind-torus \(\mathcal T\) is an open set and if the action of \(\mathcal T\) on itself by translations extends to a regular action on the variety. Within the category of commutative monoids, a semigroups is said to be \textit{affine}, if it is finitely generated and is embeddable in a finitely generated free group. A generalization is a notion of \textit{pro-affine semigroup} \(\mathcal S\), which is a filtered semigroup with filtration \(R_1 \supset R_2 \supset \dots\) of compatible equivalence relations in \(\mathcal S\) that is complete, Hausdorff, and such that every \(S/R_i\) is an affine semigroup. For an affine semigroup \(S\) one can define the corresponding affine toric variety \(\mathcal V(S)\) as certain semigroup algebra. Likewise, for an affine toric variety \(V\) with acting torus \(T\) (with the character lattice \(M\)), one can define a semigroup \(\mathcal S(V)\) as the semigroup of characters of \(T\) in \(M\) that extend to regular functions on \(V\); thus one defines functors \(\mathcal V(\bullet)\) and \(\mathcal S(\bullet)\). The main result establishes that the category of affine toric ind-varieties with toric morphisms is ``dual'' to the category of pro-affine semigroups with homomorphisms of semigroups, in the following sense: Theorem 4.5. (1) The assignment \(\mathcal V(\bullet)\) is a contravariant functor from the category of pro-affine semigroups with homomorphisms of semigroups to the category of affine toric ind-varieties with toric morphisms. (2) The assignment \(\mathcal S(\bullet)\) is a contravariant functor from the category of affine toric ind-varieties with toric morphisms to the category of pro-affine semigroups with homomorphisms of semigroups. (3) The pair (\(\mathcal V(\bullet), \mathcal S(\bullet)\)) is a ``duality'' between the categories of affine toric ind-varieties and pro-affine semigroups. The fact that the filtrations involved are countable leads to metrizable topologies and the corresponding completions via inverse limits, etc. The authors utilize techniques expounded upon at length in [\textit{R. Dimitric}, Slenderness. Volume 1. Abelian categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2019; Zbl 1451.18001)], chapters 0--3, and the ensuing results have the same flavor as those in the realm of slenderness. The following article is also related: [\textit{R. M. Dimitrić}, Contemp. Math. 419, 73--78 (2006; Zbl 1139.20057)].