The universality of one half in commutative nonassociative algebras with identities (Q2216554)

To study rings and algebra without associativity, algebraists study the class of rings which satisfy some particular identity or set of identities instead of the associativity relation. An important tool in the structure study of an nonassociative algebra satisfying an identity is the Peirce decomposition associated to the Peirce spectrum relative to an algebra idempotent. And every nonassociative algebraist has noticed that for commutative algebras which are for example Jordan, power associative, Bernstein or train, the Peirce spectra of these algebras contain \(\tfrac{1}{2}\). In this paper, the author shows that this phenomenon is observed for all algebras verifying a more general concept of identity than the one defining PI-algebras or baric algebras, named weighted polynomial identity by the author. More precisely, if \(A\) is a finite-dimensional commutative nonassociative algebra over a field of characteristic \(\ne 2,3\), satisfying a nontrivial weighted polynomial identity \(P(z)=0\) in one nonassociative indeterminate \(z\), then the value \(\frac{1}{2}\) is element of the Peirce spectrum of \(A\). To demonstrate this result he uses an original and promising method: he applies the formalism of rooted binary trees with labeled leaves to the first and second orders linearization of nonassociative polynomials. He completes the paper by applying this method to revisit recent results for principal and plenary train algebras of general rank and to establish the Peirce decomposition and the fusion laws of Hsiang algebras.