Spectral hypersurfaces for operator pairs and Hadamard matrices of \(F\) type (Q2216823)

Given a tuple of complex \(n\times n\) matrices, \(\{A_j\}\), the determinantal (or spectral) hypersurface is defined as \(\sigma(A_0,\dots,A_r):=\{x\in \mathbb{CP}^r\mid\det(\sum x_j A_j)=0\}\). The authors study the particular case of pairs \((A,B)\), with \(A\) being normal and the hypersurface \(\sigma(A,B,AB,I)\) is (set-theoretically) defined by the equation \(x^n+y^n+(-1)^{n-1}z^n-t^n=0\). They prove: in this case the pair \((A,B)\) is unitary equivalent to a pair associated with a complex Hadamard matrix of order \(n\). For \(n=3,4,5\) the authors classify such pairs, using the complete description of Hadamard matrices. If the hypersurface \(\sigma(A,B,AB,BA,I)\) is defined (set-theoretically) by the equation \(x^n+y^n+(-1)^{n-1}(e^{2\pi i/n}z_1+z_2)^n-t^n=0\) then this Hadamard matrix is exactly the Fourier matrix \(F_n\).