Ring structure theorems and arithmetic comprehension (Q2219093)

The author formulates and proves a version of Schur's lemma in \(\mathsf{RCA}_0\). Schur's lemma asserts that for any simple \(R\)-module \(S\), if \(x\) is nonzero then the endomorphism ring with identity \(x\), \(\operatorname{End}( {}_R S ,x )\), is a division ring. The formulation relies on characterizing the endomorphism ring as a \(\Pi^0_1\) class and directly constructing inverses for nonzero elements. The author proves several results in \(\mathsf{ACA}_0\) including a density theorem for semisimple modules, the Jacobson density theorem, and Wedderburn-Artin theorems for left semisimple rings and simple Artinian rings. The reversals are open. Related work appears in the dissertation of \textit{T. Sato} [Reverse mathematics and countable algebraic systems. Sendai: Tohoku University (Ph.D. Thesis) (2016)]. Two characterization theorems for semisimple modules over commutative rings are extended to general (not necessarily commutative) rings, extending equivalences to \(\mathsf{ACA}_0\) proved by the author [Notre Dame J. Formal Logic 61, No. 1, 141--153 (2020; Zbl 1484.03019)] and by \textit{T. Yamazaki} [``Reverse mathematics and commutative ring theory'', in: Computability theory and foundations of mathematics. Tokyo: Tokyo Institute of Technology (2013)].