Inverse limits of upper semicontinuous functions and indecomposable continua (Q2219271)

In the present paper, the authors consider indecomposability in the context of inverse limits with upper semicontinuous bonding maps. Several authors have given different characterisations of indecomposability of inverse limits of upper semicontinuous set-valued functions. Each of the characterisations includes the requirement of some property that ensures that the inverse limit has the full projection property, see for example [\textit{W. T. Ingram}, Topol. Proc. 36, 353--373 (2010; Zbl 1196.54056)]. In the present paper, the authors give an example which shows that the full projection property is not a necessary condition for an indecomposable inverse limit. Ingram-Mahavier products were recently introduced by \textit{S. Greenwood} and \textit{J. Kennedy} [Topology Appl. 166, 1--9 (2014; Zbl 1296.54044)] and have come to be known as Mahavier products. The Mahavier product of graphs of bonding functions is defined as follows: Suppose that for each \(i\in\mathbb{N}\), \(f_i:I_{i+1}\longrightarrow 2^{I_i}\) is a surjective upper semicontinuous function, \(m,n\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(m<n\). Then the Mahavier product of \(\Gamma (f_m),\dots,\Gamma(f_n)\) is the set: \[\{(x_m,\dots,x_{n+1})\in\prod_{i\in[m,n+1]}I_i:\forall i\in[m, n],(x_{i+1},x_i)\in\Gamma (f_i)\}\] denoted by \(\Gamma (f_m)\star\cdots\star\Gamma(f_n)\). It was shown in [\textit{S. Greenwood} and \textit{J. Kennedy}, Houston J. Math. 38, No. 4, 1369--1384 (2012; Zbl 1284.54022)] that if the graphs of bonding functions of a Mahavier product or inverse limit are pseudoarcs then it is disconnected. The authors show that a Mahavier product whose bonding functions have indecomposable graphs can be connected. They show that if the Mahavier product of indecomposable graphs is a continuum, then it is indecomposable. Also they show that if the Mahavier products of the bonding functions of a connected inverse limit are indecomposable, then the inverse limit is indecomposable.