Widths of resonances above an energy-level crossing (Q2219468)

The authors study a \(2\times2\) Schrödinger operator \[ Pu = Eu,\qquad P = \left( \begin{matrix} P_1 & hW\\ hW^* & P_2 \end{matrix} \right), \] where \(D_x:=-i\frac{d}{d x}\), \(P_j:=h^2D_x^2 + V_j(x)\) (\(j=1,2\)), \(W=W(x,hD_x)\) is a semiclassical differential operator, and \(W^*\) is the formal adjoint of \(W\). The main aim is to study the asymptotic distribution of resonances in the semiclassical limit \(h\to 0_+\) in a neighborhood of a fixed real energy \(E_0\). A series of conditions is supposed: \textbf{Assumption (A1)} \(V_1(x)\), \(V_2(x)\) are real-valued analytic functions on \(\mathbb{R}\), and extend to holomorphic functions in the complex domain, \(\mathcal{S}=\{x\in\mathbb{C}\,;\,|\mathrm{IM}\,\, x|<\delta_0\langle\mathrm{Re}\, \,x\rangle\}\), where \(\delta_0>0\) is a constant, and \(\langle t\rangle:=(1+|t|^2)^{1/2}\). \textbf{Assumption (A2)} For \(j=1,2\), \(V_j\) admits limits as \(\mathrm{Re}\,\, x\to \pm\infty\) in \(\mathcal{S}\), and they satisfy \[ \begin{aligned} \lim_{\substack{\mathrm{Re}\,\,x\to -\infty \\ x\in \mathcal{S}}} V_1(x)>E_0\, ;\, \lim_{\substack{\mathrm{Re}\,\,x\to -\infty \\ x\in \mathcal{S}}} V_2(x)>E_0\, ;\\ \lim_{\substack{\mathrm{Re}\,\,x\to +\infty \\ x\in \mathcal{S}}} V_1(x)>E_0\, ;\, \lim_{\substack{\mathrm{Re}\,\,x\to +\infty \\ x\in \mathcal{S}}} V_2(x)<E_0. \end{aligned} \] \textbf{Assumption (A3)} There exist three numbers \(a<b<0<c\) such that \[ V_1(a)=V_1(c)=V_2(b)=E_0, V_1'(a) < 0, V_1'(c) > 0, V_2'(b) < 0, \] and that \[ \begin{array}{ll} V_1>E_0\text{ on }(-\infty, a)\cup (c,+\infty), V_1<E_0\text{ on }(a,c), V_2>E_0\text{ on }(-\infty, b), V_2<E_0\text{ on }(b,+\infty). \end{array} \] \textbf{Assumption (A4)} The set \(\{x\in \mathbb{R}; V_1(x)=V_2(x)\, , \, V_1(x)\leq E_0\, ,\, V_2(x)\leq E_0\}\) is reduced to \(\{0\}\), and one has \(V_1(0)=V_2(0)=0\), \(V'_1(0)>0\), \(V_2'(0)<0\). In particular, in the phase-space, the characteristic sets \(\Gamma_j:=\{\xi^2 +V_j(x)=E_0\}\) (\(j=1,2\)) intersect transversally at \((0,\pm\sqrt{E_0})\). \textbf{Assumption (A5)} \(W(x,hD_x)\) is a first order differential operator, \[ W(x,hD_x)=r_0(x)+ir_1(x)hD_x, \] where \(r_0\) and \(r_1\) are bounded analytic functions on \(\mathcal{S}\), are real on the real, and such that \(W\) is elliptic at the crossing points \((0,\pm\sqrt{E_0})\), that is, \( (r_0(0),r_1(0)) \not=(0,0). \) Under the above assumptions, in a neighbourhood of the energy \(E_0\), the spectrum of \(P\) is essential only. Let \(\mathrm{Res}(P)\) be the set of the resonances of the operator \(P\). For \(E\in \mathbb{C}\) close enough to \(E_0\), the authors define the action, \[ \mathcal{A}(E):= \int_{a(E)}^{c(E)}\sqrt{ E-V_1(t)} \, dt, \] where \(a(E)\) (respectively \(c(E)\)) is the unique solution of \(V_1(x)=E\) close to \(a\) (respectively close to \(c\)). In this situation, \(\mathcal{A}(E)\) is an analytic function of \(E\) near \(E_0\) and \(\mathcal{A}'(E)\) is strictly positive for any real \(E\) near \(E_0\). Then fix \(\delta_0>0\) sufficiently small and \(C_0>0\) arbitrarily large and let \[ \mathcal{D}_h(\delta_0,C_0):= [E_0-\delta_0, E_0+\delta_0]-i[0,C_0h]. \] For \(h>0\) and \(k\in\mathbb{Z}\) such that \((k+\frac12)\pi h\) belongs to \(\mathcal{A}( [E_0-2\delta_0, E_0+2\delta_0])\), let \[ e_k(h):=\mathcal{A}^{-1}\left( (k+\frac12)\pi h\right). \] The main result is as follows. Under Assumptions (A1)-(A5), there exists \(\delta_0>0\) such that for any \(C_0>0\), one has, for \(h>0\) small enough \[ \mathrm{Res}\,(P)\cap \mathcal{D}_h(\delta_0, C_0) =\{E_k(h); k\in\mathbb{Z}\}\cap\mathcal{D}_h(\delta_0, C_0) \] where the \(E_k(h)\)'s are complex numbers that satisfy \begin{align*} \mathrm{Re}\, \,E_k(h) &= e_k(h) + \mathcal{O}(h^{2}),\\ \mathrm{Im}\, \,E_k(h) &= - C(e_k(h))h^2+ \mathcal{O}(h^{7/3}), \end{align*} uniformly as \(h \to 0\). Here \[ C(E)=\frac {\pi }{\gamma\mathcal{A}'(E)} \left |r_0(0)E^{-\frac 14}\sin \left(\frac{\mathcal{B}(E)}{h} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) + r_1(0)E^{\frac 14}\cos \left(\frac{\mathcal{B}(E)}{h} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right |^2 \] with \(\gamma := V_1'(0)-V_2'(0) > 0\) and \[ \mathcal{B}(E):=\int_{b(E)}^0\!\!\!\!\sqrt{E-V_2(x)}dx+\int_0^{c(E)}\!\!\!\!\!\sqrt{E-V_1(x)}dx, \] where \(b(E)\) is the unique root of \(V_2(x)=E\) close to \(b\).