Generalizing separability, precompactness and narrowness in topological groups (Q2219819)

For a cardinal \(\kappa\) and a set \(X\) denote by \([X]^{< \kappa}\) the family of all subsets of \(X\) of cardinality less than \(\kappa\). For a topological group \((G,\tau)\) let us denote by \(\tau_\star\) the set of all neighbourhoods of the identity of \(G\). Inspired by classic separability, precompactness and narrowness the authors study a family of properties described by subsets of large cardinality and neighbourhoods of the identity. A sublist of these properties is the following: Let \((G,\tau)\) be a topological group and let \(\kappa, \lambda\) denote cardinals. \(G\) is said to be: \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] \(u_1 s_2^{\kappa} u_1\) if for every \(U_1 \in \tau_*\) there exists \(S_2 \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) satisfying \(U_1 S_2 U_1 = G\), \item[(b)] \(s_2^{\kappa} u_1 s_2^{\kappa}\) if for every \(U_1 \in \tau_*\) there exists \(S_2 \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) satisfying \(S_2 U_1 S_2 = G\). \item[(c)] \(u_1 s_2^{\kappa} u_3 s_4^{\lambda}\) if for every \(U_1 \in \tau_*\) there exists \(S_2 \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) with the following property: given arbitrary \(U_3 \in \tau_{*}\) there exists some other \(S_4 \in [G]^{< \lambda}\) satisfying \((U_1 S_2) (U_3 S_4) = G\). \item[(d)] \(s_1^{\kappa} u_2 s_1^{\kappa} u_2 \) if there exists \(S_1 \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) such that for all \(U_2 \in \tau_*\) we have \((S_1 U_2) (S_1 U_2) = G\). \item[(e)] \(u_2 s_1^{\kappa} u_2 s_3^{\lambda}\) if there exists \(S_1 \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) such that for all \(U_2 \in \tau_*\) there exists another \(S_3 \in [G]^{< \lambda}\) satisfying \((U_2 S_1) (U_2 S_3) = G\). \item[(f)] \(s_1^{\kappa} u_2 s_3^{\lambda} u_4\) if there exists \(S_1 \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) such that for all \(U_2 \in \tau_*\) there exists another \(S_3 \in [G]^{< \lambda}\) with the following property: given arbitrary \(U_4 \in \tau_{*}\) we have \((S_1 U_2) (S_3 U_4) = G\) \end{itemize} In the above definition, we highlight some helpful mnemonic details: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] Each symbol \(u_i\) denotes taking some \(U_i \in \tau_*\) using a {\emph{universal quantifier}}. \item[(ii)] Each symbol \(s_j^{\kappa}\) denotes taking some \(S_j \in [G]^{< \kappa}\) using an {\emph{existence quantifier}}, \item[(iii)] The corresponding index \(i\) or \(j\) in \(U_i\) and \(S_j^{\kappa}\) indicates the precise order in which each successive step from (i) and (ii) is performed. For example: \(u_1 s_2^{\kappa}\) vs \(u_2 s_1^{\kappa}\). The former being, \[ \forall U_1 \in \tau_\star \quad \exists S_2 \in [G]^{<\kappa}\quad (G = U_1 S_2) \] while the latter is \[ \exists S_1 \in [G]^{<\kappa}\quad \forall U_2 \in \tau_\star\quad (G = U_2 S_1) \] \end{itemize} The authors note that one may define infinitely properties by iterating the above steps. A helpful diagram of relationships between these, and many additional properties, is also provided by the authors. Let \(X\) be a set of infinite cardinality \(\delta\). The main results in this paper are the following: \begin{itemize} \item The permutation group \(S_{<\omega}(X)\) satisfies (a) for \(\omega\), (b) for \(\omega_1\) and (c) for \(\kappa = \omega_1\) and \(\lambda = \omega\). However, it does not satisfy neither (e) nor (f) for \(\kappa = \lambda = \delta\). \item The permutation group \(S(X)\) satisfies (a) for \(\omega\), (d) for \(\omega_1\) and (e) for \(\kappa = \omega_1\) and \(\lambda = \omega\). However, it does not satisfy (b) for \(\kappa = \delta\). \end{itemize} The authors ask the following question in this paper: \begin{itemize} \item[(Q.)] Does there exist a topological group with the \(u_1 s_2^{\omega_1} u_1 s_3^{\omega} u_1\) property which does not satisfy (a) for \(\omega_1\) nor (c) for \(\kappa = \omega_1\) and \(\lambda = \omega\)? \end{itemize}