New asymptotic expansions on hyperfactorial functions (Q2219980)

This paper studies the asymptotic behaviour of the general hyperfactorial \(\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^q}\) for fixed \(q\). Note that \(q=0\) yields the ordinary factorial and \(q=1\) the classical hyperfactorial. Four different types of asymptotic expansions are proven: they take the forms \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^q} \sim A_q \cdot n^{U_{q+1}(n)} e^{-V_{q+1}(n)} \Big( \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\alpha_k}{n^{2k}} \Big)^{1/r},\] \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^q} \sim A_q \cdot n^{U_{q+1}(n)} e^{-V_{q+1}(n)} \Big(1 + \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\overline{\alpha}_k}{(n+\overline{u}_k)^{2k+1}} \Big)^{1/r},\] \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^q} \sim A_q \cdot n^{U_{q+1}(n)} e^{-V_{q+1}(n)} \Big(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\varphi_k}{(n+v_k)^{2k}} \Big)^{n/r+s},\] and \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^q} \sim A_q \cdot n^{U_{q+1}(n)} e^{-V_{q+1}(n)} \Big(1 + \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\overline{\varphi}_k}{(n+\overline{v}_k)^{2k+1}} \Big)^{n/r+s},\] respectively. Here, \(A_q\) is a constant, \(U_{q+1}\) and \(V_{q+1}\) are polynomials. For example, for \(q=1\), \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^k \sim A_1 \cdot n^{n^2/2 + n/2 + 1/12} e^{-n^2/4} \Big(1 + \frac{1}{720n^2} - \frac{1433}{725600n^4} + \cdots \Big)\] or \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^k \sim A_1 \cdot n^{n^2/2 + n/2 + 1/12} e^{-n^2/4} \Big(1 + \frac{1}{720(n+1/6)^3} - \frac{1}{12096(n-199/9000)^5} + \cdots \Big)^{n+1/2}.\] When \(q=2\), we have \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^2} \sim A_2 \cdot n^{n^3/3 + n^2/2 + n/6} e^{-n^3/9 + n/12} \Big( 1 - \frac{1}{360n^2} + \frac{247}{1814400n^4} + \cdots )^n\] or \[\prod_{k=1}^n k^{k^2} \sim A_2 \cdot n^{n^3/3 + n^2/2 + n/6} e^{-n^3/9 + n/12} \Big( 1 - \frac{1}{360(n+1/720)} - \frac{1}{360(n-1036793/7838208000)^3} + \cdots \Big).\]