On the necessity of the constant rank condition for \(L^p\) estimates (Q2219994)

The main goal of the authors is the consideration of a linear constant-coefficient homogeneous differential operator \(A(\phi)\), where \(\phi\) has values in a complex finite-dimensional inner product space \(V\). They recall a classical result of Calderon-Zygmund, see their paper published in Acta Mathematica in 1952, according to which the following estimate \[ \|D^k \phi\|_{L^p(R^n)} \leq C_p \|A(\phi)\|_{L^p(R^n)}, \quad \forall \phi \in C^\infty_c(R^n,V) \] is true if and only if \(A\) is elliptic. The authors, as it is natural, study the problem whether the above inequality holds testing it only in the orthogonal complement of \(\ker A\).