Multiple solution results for perturbed fractional differential equations with impulses (Q2220223)

The authors considered a problem that arises in advection and dispersion in the format of perturbed fractional differential equation with impulses given by, \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \frac{d}{dt} \{ \frac{1}{2}\, _{0}D^ { \alpha -1}_{t}(^c_{0}D^ { \alpha }_{T} u{(t)}) - \frac{1}{2}\, _{t}D^ { \alpha -1}_{T}(^c_{t}D^ { \alpha }_{T} u{(t)})\}\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+a(t) u(t)+\nabla~ F(t,u(t))=0,~~~~t \neq t_j, a.e.t \in [0,T],\\ \Delta (D^ { \alpha }_{t}u)(t_j)=I_j(u(t_j)),~~~t_j \in (o,T),~~j=1,2\dots,l\\ u(0)=u(T)=0. \end{array} \right. \] This problem is set up in the Banach space \(E_0^{\alpha}\) which is reflexive and seperable. The authors discuss existence results for the mentioned problems and prove the existence of at least 3 solutions and at least \(k\) distinct pairs of classical solutions using Morse theory, Clark theorem and Brezis and Nirenberg's linking theorems. They provide an illustrative example.