Algebraic differential independence regarding the Riemann \(\boldsymbol{\zeta}\)-function and the Euler \(\boldsymbol{\Gamma}\)-function (Q2220446)

The Riemann zeta function \(\zeta\) and the Euler gamma function \(\Gamma\) are the usual ones. The main result of this paper is that \(\zeta\) cannot be a solution to any nontrivial algebraic differential equation whose coefficients are polynomials in \(\Gamma\), \(\Gamma^{(n)}\), \(\Gamma^{(ln)}\), for positive integers \(l\) and \(n\). Formally stated: Theorem. Let \(l, m, n \geq 0\) be integers. Assume \(P(u_0, u_1, \dots, u_m; v_0, v_1, v_2)\) is a polynomial of \(m+4\) variables with polynomial coefficients in \(z \in \mathbb C\) such that \[P(\zeta, \zeta', \dots, \zeta^{(m)}; \Gamma, \Gamma^{(n)}, \Gamma^{(ln)})(z) \equiv 0 \] for \(z\in \mathbb C\). Then, necessarily the polynomial \(P\) must be identical to zero.