\(L\)-functions and sum-free sets (Q2220971)

Let \(G\) be an additive group. For a finite set \(A\subseteq G\backslash \{e_{G}\}\) denote by \(sf_{k}^{G}(A)\) the maximal cardinality of a subset of \(A\) without any solution to the equation (1) \(x_{1}+\ldots +x_{k}=y\). If \(k=2\), then sets without solutions to (1) are called sum-free and hence \(sf_{2}^{G}(A)\) is just the maximal size of a sum-free subset of \(A\).\par The main purpose is to study the quantity \(sf_{2}^{\mathbb{F}_{p}}(A)\) for \(A\subseteq \) \(\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\ast}\) which is denoted \(sf(A)\). \par We just mention three results for reader's convenience: \par {Theorem 3}. Let \(A\subseteq F_{p}^{\ast}\), \(p\equiv 1 (\; \mod \; 4)\) and suppose that \(sf(A)=\vert A\vert /3+\psi \). Then for any \(\varepsilon >0\) one has \(\left\vert \sum_{x\in A}\left(\frac{x}{p}\right)\right\vert \ll_{\varepsilon}\psi p^{1/2+\varepsilon}\). Furthermore, if \(p\equiv 3 \; (\mod \; 4)\) and \(sf_{3}(A)=\vert A\vert /4+\psi\), then previous inequality holds as well.\par Theorem 8. Let \(\Gamma \subseteq \mathbb{F}_{p}^{\ast}\) be a multiplicative subgroup, let \(A\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{F}_{p}\) and suppose that \(sf(A)=\vert A\vert /3+\psi \). Then for any \(\varepsilon >0\) and for every even character \(\eta \in X^{\ast}\) one has \(\left\vert \sum_{x\in A}\eta (x)\right\vert \ll_{\varepsilon}\psi n^{1/2}p^{1/2+\varepsilon}\).\par Theorem 10. Let \(\Gamma \subseteq F_{p}^{\ast}\) be a multiplicative subgroup such that \(\vert \Gamma \vert \gg \frac{(\log\log p)^{2}} {\sqrt{\log p}}p\). Then \(sf(\Gamma)\leq (1/3+o(1))\vert \Gamma \vert \).