The locus of the representation of logarithmic connections by Fuchsian equations (Q2220992)

Let \(\Sigma\) be a compact Riemann surface with \(n + 1\) distinct fixed points \(P = \{t_0, \dots, t_n\}\). We will call these points parabolic points. Fix a rank-\(m\) smooth vector bundle \(\mathcal{V}\) over \(\Sigma\) and consider a holomorphic vector bundle \(E\) with underlying topological vector bundle \(\mathcal{V}\). Let us consider the logarithmic connections on \(E\). Let \(\mathcal{M}\) be the moduli space of logarithmic connections over \(E\). If \(\Sigma\) is the Riemann sphere, then \(\mathcal{M}\) is a \(2N\)-dimensional algebraic variety where \(N=\frac{m(m-1)}{2}(n-1)-m+1\). The generic element of the moduli space of logarithmic connections with parabolic points on a holomorphic vector bundle over the Riemann sphere can be represented by a Fuchsian equation with some singularities and some apparent singularities outside of \(P\).\par A Fuchsian equation is a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation of order \(m\) in a complex domain \(U_\Sigma\) with local form \(w^{(m)}(z) + B_1(z)w^{(m-1)}(z)+\cdots+ B_m(z)w(z) = 0\), where the \(B_k(z)\)'s are functions with a pole of order \(k\) at some points \(u_l \in U_\Sigma\ (k = 1,\dots, m; l \in L\) with set of indices \(L)\). We denote by \(P\) the singular locus. A point \(q \in \mathbb{C}P^1\) is an apparent singularity of that differential equation if any of the (meromorphic) coefficients \(B_k(z)\) has a pole but the fundamental system of solutions is analytic at this point. Let us denote by \(Q\) the set of apparent singularities. The label \(i\) will be used for the parabolic points and the label \(j\) for the apparent singularities.\par In the paper under review the author analyzes the case of rank-3 vector bundle which leads to third order Fuchsian equation. This case is more involved than the case of rank-2 previously known. The main result in the paper is Theorem 1.7. Previously, we need some notation. Let \(\triangle\) be the subset where \(q_{j1} = q_{j2}\) or \(t_i = q_{j3}\) for any \(q_{j1}, q_{j2}, q_{j3}\in Q\) and \(t_i \in P\), let \(N\) be defined as above and let Sym(\(N\)) be the \(N\)-th symmetric group. Now, Theorem 1.7 is stated as follows:\par Let \(\Sigma\) be the Riemann sphere with \(n\) parabolic points and let \(E\) be a holomorphic vector bundle of rank \(m = 3\) with underlying topological vector bundle \(\mathcal{V}\) over \(\Sigma\). Let \(\mathcal{M}\) be the moduli space of logarithmic connections over \(E\) with fixed generic eigenvalues \(\{\rho_{i,k}\}_{i=0,k=1}^{n,3}.\) Then there exists a dense open subset \(\mathcal{M}^0\) of \(\mathcal{M}\) and a Sym(\(N\))-invariant affine subvariety \(V\) in \(T^*(\mathbb{C}\setminus P)^N\) such that \(\mathcal{M}^0 = T^*((\mathbb{C}\setminus P)^N \setminus \triangle) \setminus V\ /\)Sym\((N).\)\par As a consequence, Corollary 1.8, the author obtains a canonical coordinate system on \(\mathcal{M}^0\) with coordinates \(q_j\) on the base of \((\mathbb{C}\setminus P)^N / \)Sym\((N)\) and coordinates \(p_j\) on the fiber over \(q_j\). The author also states Conjecture 1.9 which extends Theorem 1.7.\par Previously, in Section 2 the preparatory material is presented including the Fröbenius method and confluent Vandermonde matrices. In Sect. 3, the equations in the case of rank-3 vector bundles are explicitly given, and also the conditions which guarantee the appearance of parabolic points and apparent singularities. In Sect. 4, the case \(n=3\) is analyzed and a numerical example is given. Then a procedure in support of Conjecture 1.9 is given. In Sect. 5, the variety \(V\) is computed in the case of arbitrary many parabolic points and Theorem 1.7 is proved.\par Considerable computations appear through the paper. They were made using Wolfram Mathematica 11.0.