Fibonacci numbers and real quadratic \(p\)-rational fields (Q2220998)

A pro-\(p\)-group is a profinite group that can be realized as a profinite limit of finite \(p\)-groups. A free pro-\(p\)-group is a pro-\(p\)-group that satisfies some extra conditions. A \(p\)-rational number field \(K\) has a certain maximal pro-\(p\)-extension with some Galois group.\par The purpose of this article is to characterize \(p\)-rational real quadratic fields in terms of generalized Fibonacci numbers. Let \(p\ge 5\) be a certain prime number. Generalizing the result of \textit{R. Greenberg} [Ann. Math. Que. 40, No. 1, 83--119 (2016; Zbl 1414.11151)] the main theorem states an equivalent condition for a field \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\) to be \(p\)-rational. This equivalent condition is that \(p\) is not a Fibonacci-Wieferich prime for \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\). The proof uses the Binet formula. Some examples of \(p\)-rational multi-quadratic number fields are given to validate further results of Greenberg. Finally, similar results with Williams congruence are given.