Analytical integrability of perturbations of quadratic systems (Q2221117)

This paper studies the analytical integrability of planar differential systems \[ \dot{\mathbf{x}} = \mathbf{F}_2 + \mathrm{h.o.t.}, \] where \(\mathbf{x} = (x, y)^T\), and \[ \mathbf{F}_2 = (P_2(x, y), Q_2(x, y))^T \] with \(P_2\) and \(Q_2\) homogenous polynomials of degree \(2\). The authors characterize the systems with an analytic first integral at the origin. This paper obtains necessary conditions for the analytical integrability of the system. If \(\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}_2 + \mathrm{h.o.t.}\) is formally integrable, there exists a linear change of variables and a re-parameterization linear of the time such that \(\mathbf{F}\) is transformed into one of the following vector fields: \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] \(\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}_{2, a} + \mathrm{h.o.t.}\) with \[ \mathbf{F}_{2,a} = (x(-q x + (q+r)y), y((p+r)x - p y))^T, \quad p, q, r \in \mathbb{N}. \] \item[(b)] \(\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}_{2, b} + \mathrm{h.o.t.}\) with \[ \mathbf{F}_{2,b} = (-2 q x y, (p + 2 q) x^2 + p y^2)^T. \] \item[(c)] \(\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}_{2, c} + \mathrm{h.o.t.}\) with \[ \mathbf{F}_{2,c} = (- q x y, p y^2)^T. \] \item[(d)] \(\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}_{2, d} + \mathrm{h.o.t.}\) with \[ \mathbf{F}_{2,d} = (0, x^2)^T. \] \end{itemize} The authors further characterize the analytically integrable system \(\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}_2 + \mathrm{h.o.t.}\) with \(\mathbf{F}_2 = \mathbf{F}_{2,a}\) (or \(\mathbf{F}_{2,b})\). As applications, the authors apply the results to a perturbation of a Lotka-Volterra system \[ \left( \begin{array}{c} \dot{x}\\ \dot{y} \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{l} x (3 y - x)\\ y (3 x - y) \end{array} \right) + \left( \begin{array}{l} x (a_{20} x^2 + a_{11} x y + a_{02} y^2)\\ y (b_{20} x^2 + b_{11} x y + b_{02} y^2) \end{array} \right) \] and to the system of form \[ \left( \begin{array}{c} \dot{x}\\ \dot{y} \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{l} -2 xy\\ 3 x^2 + y^2 \end{array} \right) + \left( \begin{array}{l} a_{30} x^3 + a_{21} x^2 y + a_{12} x y^2\\ b_{30} x^3 + b_{21} x^2 y + b_{12} x y^2 + b_{03} y^3 \end{array} \right). \] Conditions for the analytically integrable of the above two systems are obtained.