Estimates for the number of rational points on simple abelian varieties over finite fields (Q2223517)

The number of rational points on abelian varieties over finite fields is a classical and important topic of study. Let \(A\) be an abelian variety of dimension \(g\) defined over the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\) of \(q\) elements. The article provides improved bounds on the number \(\#A(\mathbb{F}_q)\) of rational points, namely \[ (\lfloor(\sqrt{q}-1)^2\rfloor +1)^g \leq \#A(\mathbb{F}_q) \leq (\lceil(\sqrt{q}+1)^2\rceil -1)^g, \] which holds for any \(q\) with finitely many exceptions. This improves the classical bounds given by Weil \[ (\sqrt{q}-1)^{2g} \leq \#A(\mathbb{F}_q) \leq (\sqrt{q}+1)^{2g}. \] Improvements are obtained by some properties of totally positive algebraic integers. Serre noticed that for general varieties. Chebyshev polynomials and other tools are used as well. In [Acta Arith. 160, No. 3, 201--241 (2013; Zbl 1288.11061)], \textit{Y. Aubry} et al. observed that the asymptotic behavior of the number of rational points of abelian varieties is related to Schur-Siegel-Smyth trace problem. Weil bounds cannot be significantly improved for large values of \(q\). The article provides better bounds for \(q\leq 9\). For example, for \(q\) equal to \(2\) and \(3\), we have the following bounds \[ 1.359^g\leq \#A(\mathbb{F}_q) \text{ and } 2.275^g\leq \#A(\mathbb{F}_q), \] respectively, while the classical result gives the trivial bound \(1 \leq \#A(\mathbb{F}_q)\).