Mixed displacement and couple stress finite element method for anisotropic centrosymmetric materials (Q2224610)

The aim of the analysis is to extend a size-dependent continuum mechanics theory where couple stress $\mu_{i,j}$ is present in addition to force stress $\sigma_{i,j}$, and its tensor form is shown to have skew symmetry to anisotropic materials. The governing equations are \begin{itemize} \item[1.] Kinematics: $u_{i,j} =e_{ij} +\omega_{i j}$, \item[2.] Kinetics: $\sigma_{ji,j} +\hat{f}_i =0$ and $\varepsilon_{i jk}\mu_{k,j} +\varepsilon_{i jk}\sigma_{jk} =0$, \item[3.] Boundary conditions: $u_i =\hat{u}_i$ on $S_{\hat{u}}$, $\omega_i =\hat\omega_i$ on $S_{\hat\omega}$, $t_i =\hat{t}_i$ on $S_{\hat{t}}$, $m_i =\hat{m}_i$ on $S_{\hat{m}}$, \item[4.] Constitutive relations: $\sigma_{(i j)} =C_{i jkl}e_{kl} +L_{i jk}k_k$ and $\mu_i =D_{i j}k_j +L_{jki}e_{jk}$. \end{itemize} A corresponding finite element method is established, where the $C^1$ continuity is reduced to $C^0$ continuity by the use of only two polar (true) vectors, displacement and couple stress, as primary variables. Furthermore, several computational examples are presented: isotropic material, anisotropic materials, cubic single crystal, hexagonal single crystal, trigonal single crystal, tetragonal single crystal and orthorhombic single crystal.