Estimates for Liouville equation with quantized singularities (Q2227293)

Under consideration is the Liouville equation with singular sources \[ \Delta u +h(x)e^{u}=4\pi\alpha \delta(x),\ \ x\in \Omega\subset {\mathbb R}^{2}, \] where \(\Omega\) is a domain containing the origin, \(\alpha>-1\) is a constant, \(\delta\) is the Dirac delta function, and \(h\) is a positive and smooth function. The autors study the so-called bubbling solutions around a quantized singular source (i.e., \(\alpha\) is an integer). It is possible that there are multiple local maximums of bubbling solutions all swarming to the singular source. Under certain assumptions on a sequence of solutions \(u_{k}\), it is proved that not only the first derivatives of coefficients \(h_{k}(x)\) tend to zero at the singular source, the second derivatives also have a vanishing estimate. Pointwise estimates for the difference of a bubbling solution and a global solution (a solution on the whole \({\mathbb R}^{2}\) from a certain class) are derived.