Some Cauchy mean-type mappings for which the arithmetic mean is invariant (Q2227518)

Assume that \(I\subseteq\mathbb{R}\) is an open interval. We call a two-variable function \(M:I^2\to I\) \textit{mean} on \(I\), if for every \(x, y\in I\) \[ \min\{x, y\} \le M(x,y) \le \max\{x, y\}\,. \] Suppose that \(f, g:I\to\mathbb{R}\) are two differentiable functions such that \(g'(x)\neq 0\) for every \(x\in I\) and the function \(\dfrac{f'}{g'}\) is invertible on \(I\). The \textit{two-variable Cauchy mean} is defined as follows: \[ D^{f, g}(x, y):=\begin{cases} \left(\frac{f'}{g'}\right)^{-1}\left(\frac{f(x)-f(y)}{g(x)-g(y)}\right) & ;x\neq y\,,\\ x & ;x=y\,, \end{cases}\qquad x, y\in I\,. \] Now, assume that \(I\subseteq (0, \infty)\) is an open interval and \(x, y\in I\), \(g(x)=x^p\), \(k(x)=x^r\), \(p, r\in \mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}\), \(f, h:I\to\mathbb{R}\) are two differentiable functions such that \(\dfrac{f'}{g'}\) and \(\dfrac{h'}{k'}\) are injective functions. In this paper under review, the authors solve the following functional equation \[ \left(\frac{f'}{g'}\right)^{-1}\left(\frac{f(x)-f(y)}{g(x)-g(y)}\right)+\left(\frac{h'}{k'}\right)^{-1}\left(\frac{h(x)-h(y)}{k(x)-k(y)}\right)=x+y\,; x\neq y\,, \] that is, the authors study the invariance of the arithmetic mean with respect to the Cauchy mean.