Rich dynamics in some generalized difference equations (Q2230316)

The authors propose a way to calculate the finite-time local largest Lyapunov exponent, \[ \lambda_{\max}=\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\ln \frac{ED\left( i\right) }{ED\left( i-1\right) } \] for discrete dynamical systems. Here \(N\) is the iteration number and \(ED\left( i\right) \) is the Euclidean distance calculated between the two nearest neighboring points on different trajectories of the attractor at the \(i\)-th time step. In particular, they provide a detailed study of the dynamics generated by the following fractional difference equations: \[ x\left( n\right) =x\left( 0\right) +\frac{\mu}{\Gamma\left( \nu\right) }\sum_{j=1}^{n}\frac{\Gamma\left( n-j+\nu\right) }{\Gamma\left( n-j+1\right) }x\left( j-1\right) \left( 1-x\left( j-1\right) \right), \] and \[ x\left( n\right) =x\left( 0\right) +\frac{1}{\Gamma\left( \nu\right) }\sum_{j=1}^{n}\frac{\Gamma\left( n-j+\nu\right) }{\Gamma\left( n-j+1\right) }\left( 1-x\left( j-1\right) \right) \left( 1+\mu _{1}x\left( j-1\right) +y\left( j-1\right) \right), \] with \( y\left( n\right) =\mu_{2}x\left( n-1\right) , x\left( 0\right) =c_{1}, y\left( 0\right) =c_{2}, \) where \(0<\nu\leq1\), \(\mu_{1}\) and \(\mu_{2}\) are constants.