On a theorem of A. A. Markoff (Q2230520)

For \(A,B\in \mathbb R\) denote by \(\mathbb F\) the set of functions \[A\left(1+\sqrt{1+\frac{B}{x^2}}\right),\] (defined for \(x\in\mathbb Z^+,x\geq \sqrt{|B|}\)) such that for any irrational \(\alpha\) the inequality \[\left|\alpha-\frac{p}{q} \right|\le \frac{1}{f(q)q^2}\] has infinitely many solutions in integers \(p,q\ne 0\). The author proves that the greates function in \(\mathbb F\) is \[\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(1+\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{5x^2}}\right).\] If \(\alpha\) is not equivalent to \((1+\sqrt{5})/2\), then the greatest function is \[\frac{\sqrt{8}}{2}\left(1+\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{8x^2}}\right).\] \par The results are far reaching generalizations of Hurwitz's approximation theorem.