Production of faces of the Kronecker cone containing stable triples (Q2230995)

For any three partitions \(\alpha,\beta,\gamma\vdash k\) let \(g_{\alpha\beta\gamma}\) denote the respective Kronecker coefficient, i.e., the multiplicity of the irreducible representation \(M_\gamma\) of the symmetric group \(S_k\) corresponding to \(\gamma\) in \(M_\alpha\otimes M_\beta\). It is classically known that the triples \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) such that \(g_{\alpha\beta\gamma}\ne0\) and the lengths of \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) do not exceed \(n_1\) and \(n_2\), respectively, form a subsemigroup \(\operatorname{Kron}_{n_1,n_2}\subset\mathbb{Z}_{\ge0}^{n_1}\oplus\mathbb{Z}_{\ge0}^{n_2}\oplus\mathbb{Z}_{\ge0}^{n_1n_2}\). The cone \(\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}\subset\mathbb{Q}^{n_1+n_2+n_1n_2}\) spanned by \(\operatorname{Kron}_{n_1,n_2}\) is a rational polyhedral cone known as the Kronecker cone. Stembridge (2014) defined stable triples as \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) such that \(g_{\alpha\beta\gamma}\ne0\) and \(g_{\lambda+d\alpha,\mu+d\beta,\nu+d\gamma}=\text{const}\) for any triple \((\lambda,\mu,\nu)\) and any \(d\gg0\). (For instance, the triple \(((1),(1),(1))\) is stable.) He proved that \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) is stable if and only if \(g_{d\alpha,d\beta,d\gamma}=1\) for all \(d\ge0\); see also [\textit{S. V. Sam} and \textit{A. Snowden}, J. Algebr. Comb. 43, No. 1, 1--10 (2016; Zbl 1345.05113); \textit{P.-E. Paradan}, J. Symplectic Geom. 17, No. 5, 1389--1426 (2019; Zbl 1445.22003); \textit{M. Pelletier}, Manuscr. Math. 158, No. 1--2, 235--271 (2019; Zbl 1446.20069)]. It is known that the set of stable triples in \(\operatorname{Kron}_{n_1,n_2}\) is the intersection of \(\operatorname{Kron}_{n_1,n_2}\) with a union of faces of \(\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}\) [\textit{L. Manivel}, Sémin. Lothar. Comb. 75, B75d, 14 p. (2016; Zbl 1345.20015)]. This stability notion is generalized in the paper as follows: a triple \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) is said to be almost stable if \(g_{d\alpha,d\beta,d\gamma}\le1\) for all \(d\ge0\). The goal of the paper is to produce some stable and almost stable faces of the Kronecker cone, i.e., such that all integer points in these faces are stable or almost stable, respectively. The author uses a geometric approach based on the notions of dominant and well-covering pairs introduced by \textit{N. Ressayre} [Invent. Math. 180, No. 2, 389--441 (2010; Zbl 1197.14051)]. Given a connected reductive group \(G\) acting on a smooth projective variety \(X\), let \(T\subset G\) be a maximal torus, \(\tau\) a one-parameter subgroup of \(T\), and \(C\) a connected component of the fixed point set \(X^\tau\). Let \(C^+=\{x\in X\mid\exists\lim_{t\to0}\tau(t)x\in C\}\) be the respective Białynicki-Birula cell and \(P(\tau)=\{g\in G\mid\exists\lim_{t\to0}\tau(t)g\tau(t)^{-1}\in G\}\) be the parabolic subgroup defined by~\(\tau\). The pair \((C,\tau)\) is said to be dominant if the natural map \(\eta:G\times^{P(\tau)}C^+\to X\) is dominant, and well-covering if \(\eta\) is an isomorphism over an open subset intersecting \(C\). Now let \(G=GL(V_1)\times GL(V_2)\) and \(\hat{G}=GL(V_1\otimes V_2)\supset G\), where \(\dim V_1=n_1\), \(\dim V_2=n_2\). Choose Borel subgroups \(B\subset G\), \(\hat{B}\subset\hat{G}\) such that \(B\subset\hat{B}\) and maximal tori \(T\subset\hat{T}\) in \(B\) and \(\hat{B}\), respectively. A triple of partitions \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) can be regarded as a dominant character of a parabolic subgroup \(P\times\hat{P}\subset G\times\hat{G}\) containing \(B\times\hat{B}\). Consider the respective homogeneous line bundle \(\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{L}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}\) over \(X=G/P\times\hat{G}/\hat{P}\) such that \(P\times\hat{P}\) acts on the fiber over the base point by the weight \((-\alpha,-\beta,-\gamma)\). It is classically known that \(g_{\alpha\beta\gamma}=\dim H^0(X,\mathcal{L})^G\), where \(G\subset G\times\hat{G}\) acts diagonally. Let \(\tau\) be a one-parameter subgroup of \(T\). For each \(\tau\)-fixed component \(C\) in \(X\), the action of \(\tau\) on the fiber \(\mathcal{L}_x\) over each \(x\in C\) is given by multiplication with \(t^n\) (\(t\in\mathbb{C}^\times\)) for some \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\). Put \(\mu^{\mathcal{L}}(C,\tau)=-n\). \textit{N. Ressayre} proved (see [Invent. Math. 180, No. 2, 389--441 (2010; Zbl 1197.14051)]) that the set of triples \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) such that \(\mu^{\mathcal{L}}(C,\tau)=0\) or, equivalently, such that \(C\) intersects the semi-stable locus \(X^{ss}(\mathcal{L})\) is exactly the set of integer points in a face \(\mathcal{F}(C)\) of the part \(\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}^{P,\hat{P}}\) of the Kronecker cone corresponding to the triples which extend to characters of \(P\times\hat{P}\). Another result of Ressayre is that if \((C,\tau)\) is well-covered, then for any \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\in\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}^{P,\hat{P}}\) such that \(\mu^{\mathcal{L}}(C,\tau)=0\) one has \(H^0(X,\mathcal{L})^G=H^0(C,\mathcal{L}|_C)^{G^{\tau}}\). It immediately follows that if \((C,\tau)\) is well-covered and \(G^\tau\) acts on \(C\) with an open orbit, then \(\mathcal{F}(C)\) is an almost stable face of \(\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}^{P,\hat{P}}\). The main result of the paper is that if \((C,\tau)\) is well-covered and \(\tau\) is a regular dominant cocharacter both for \(G\) and \(\hat{G}\) (in which case \(C\) is a point), then \(\mathcal{F}(C)\) is a stable face of \(\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}^{P,\hat{P}}\) containing a \((P\times\hat{P})\)-regular character and the dimension of \(\mathcal{F}(C)\) is minimal possible for faces having this property. For \(t\in\mathbb{C}^\times\), \(\tau(t)\) is a pair of matrices \(\operatorname{diag}(t^{k_1},\dots,t^{k_{n_1}})\) and \(\operatorname{diag}(t^{l_1},\dots,t^{l_{n_2}})\) such that \((k_1,\dots,k_{n_1})\) and \((l_1,\dots,l_{n_2})\) are two decreasing sequences of integers and all \(k_i+l_j\) are pairwise distinct. Let \(A\) be the order matrix, whose entry at position \((i,j)\) is the ranking of \(k_i+l_j\) in the decreasing sequence of all such sums. Then the main result provides a stable face of \(\operatorname{PKron}_{n_1,n_2}\) of dimension \(n_1n_2\) containing regular triples \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma)\) for each pair of integers \(k\), \(k+1\) in two subsequent positions in one row or in one column. Two other applications are a theorem of \textit{L. Manivel} [J. Algebr. Comb. 42, No. 4, 999--1025 (2015; Zbl 1343.20019)] and \textit{E. Vallejo} [Discrete Math. 343, No. 5, Article ID 111817, 13 p. (2020; Zbl 1435.05231)], and a construction of almost stable faces for some other configurations in \(A\).