Arithmetical rings (Q2231180)

This long paper is a survey, with some new results, on arithmetical rings, modules, and Bezout rings (not necessarily commutative). The plan of this article is very clear. There is a table of contents which is very useful for the reader. This paper contains 5 chapters. Each chapter starts with the wording of its main results and then the materials necessary to prove these results are introduced. For instance the main results of Chapter 3, ``Rings with flat and quasi-projective ideals'' are: ``3A. Theorem [the author, Usp. Mat. Nauk 35, No. 5(215), 245--246 (1980; Zbl 0451.16018); Math. Notes 38, 631--636 (1985; Zbl 0601.16004); translation from Mat. Zametki 38, No. 2, 218--228 (1985); J. Math. Sci., New York 213, No. 2, 268--271 (2016; Zbl 1338.13033); translation from Fundam. Prikl. Mat. 19, No. 2, 207--211 (2014)]). For an invariant semiprime ring \(A\), the following conditions are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(A\) is an arithmetical ring; \item[(2)] every submodule of any flat \(A\)-module is a flat module; \item[(3)] every finitely generated ideal of the ring \(A\) is a quasi-projective right \(A\)-module. \end{itemize} 3B. Theorem [\textit{C. U. Jensen}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 15, 951--954 (1964; Zbl 0135.07902)]. A commutative ring \(A\) is an arithmetical semiprime ring if and only if every submodule of any flat \(A\)-module is a flat module. 3C. Theorem [\textit{A. A. Tuganbaev}, J. Math. Sci., New York 213, No. 2, 268--271 (2016; Zbl 1338.13033); translation from Fundam. Prikl. Mat. 19, No. 2, 207--211 (2014)]. If \(A\) is an invariant ring, then \(A\) is an arithmetical ring if and only if every its finitely generated ideal is a quasi-projective right \(A\)-module such that all endomorphisms can be extended to endomorphisms of the module \(A_A\).'' The sequel of Chapter 3 is devoted to the study of flat modules and the proofs of these theorems. This very interesting paper will be very useful and a reference for each mathematician working on these subjects.