On sumsets of subsets of squares (Q2234375)

This paper works on one of the central problems in additive combinatorics, which is to find rich additive structures in sumsets. A generalized arithmetic progression is a set \(P\) of the form \(P=P_1+\dots+P_d\), where \(P_1,\dots,P_d\) are usual arithmetic progressions and \(d\) is called the dimension of \(P\). If \(|P| = |P_1|\dots|P_d|\), then we say that \(P\) is a proper arithmetic progression; and \(P\) is symmetric if \(-x \in P\) whenever \(x \in P\). Let \(A\subset \{1,\ldots,N\}\) be a set with density \(\delta > 0\). The author proved that \(3A^2-3A^2\) contains a proper symmetric \(d(\delta)\)-dimensional arithmetic progression of size \(\exp(-s(\delta))N^2\). Moreover, we may take \(d(\delta)=O(\log^4(1/\delta))\) and \(s(\delta)=\exp(O(\delta^{-24}))\). The proof contains two deep techniques such as the W-trick and the Fourier transference principle invented by Green. The author also proved that \(6A^2-6A^2\) contains a proper symmetric \(d(\delta)\)-dimensional arithmetic progression of size \(\exp(-s(\delta))N^2\). Moreover, we may take \(d(\delta)=O(\log^4(1/\delta))\) and \(s(\delta)=O(\log^4 (1/\delta)\log\log (2/\delta))\).