The lump solutions for the \((2+1)\)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equations (Q2235023)

The exact solutions for the \((2+1)\)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov (NNV) equations are investigated via Maple software. According to the Hirota bilinear form of the NNV equations, lump solutions are mainly obtained by the limit method of the heteroclinic test functions with initial values. Furthermore, the interaction solutions of the lump and \(N\)-soliton solutions are researched with the aid of new test functions which consist of the quadratic polynomial functions and the exponential functions. Especially, the sufficient conditions for the existence of the interactions solutions for NNV equations are given. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. In Section 2, the specific lump solutions are considered by the limit method for the heteroclinic test functions with initial values, when some parameters tend to zero. In Section 3, it is devoted to the interaction solutions of the \(N\)-soliton and lump solutions. And the sufficient conditions for the existence of the interaction solutions constructed by the new test functions with quadratic polynomial functions and exponential functions are investigated. In Section 4, the new breather solutions are given by the homoclinic test method through adding some key parameters. Finally, the conclusion is showed in Section 4. From the results of Sections 2 and 3, the limit method for the solutions deduced by the heteroclinic test function method with the initial values can be extended to study the exact solutions of some nonlinear PDEs. However, this method cannot be applied to every nonlinear PDE, because of the particularity of some undetermined coefficient relations. Nevertheless, this idea studying the lump solutions of some nonlinear PDEs is significative, it can be extended and has the effective applications.