Effective Pila-Wilkie bounds for unrestricted Pfaffian surfaces (Q2235231)

The Pila-Wilkie theorem asserts that, for any definable subset \(X \subseteq \mathbb R^n\) and \(\varepsilon>0\), there are at most \(cT^{\varepsilon}\) rational points of height at most \(T\) lying on the transcendental part of \(X\), which is the complement of the algebraic part of \(X\) defined as the union of all connected, infinite, semialgebraic subsets of \(X\) [\textit{J. Pila} and \textit{A. J. Wilkie}, Duke Math. J. 133, No. 3, 591--616 (2006; Zbl 1217.11066)]. This paper studies the Pila-Wilkie bound, but concentrates on the case in which the definable set \(X\) is a surface of a special form defined by Pfaffian functions. It demonstrates that the constant \(c\) is effectively computable from the complexity of Pfaffian functions defining \(X\) and \(\varepsilon>0\). The class \(\mathrm{IRP}(B)\) of functions implicitly defined from restricted Pfaffian functions of complexity at most \(B\) is introduced in the paper. Set \(\mathrm{IRP}=\bigcup_{B>0}\mathrm{IRP}(B)\). It is closed under several basic operations, including \(\mathrm{IRP}(B)\)-decomposition introduced by the authors, and the complexity of the output of each operation is effectively computable from that of the input. It enables us to prove a uniform parameterization result for families of curves, and finally get the main result on the surface following the outline of the strategy employed in Pila and Wilkie's work [loc. cit.] and using the result in [\textit{G. O. Jones} et al., Q. J. Math. 63, No. 3, 637--651 (2012; Zbl 1253.03065)]. The main result asserts that the above constant \(c\) is bounded by a number effectively computable from \(B\) and \(\varepsilon\) for the graph of a function in \(\mathrm{IRP}(B)\).