Qualitative analysis of singular solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations with potentials (Q2235235)

The authors consider the nonlinear elliptic equation \[ \Delta u(x) + V_1(|x|) u(x) + V_2(|x|) u^p(x) = 0 \quad \text{ in } \mathbb{R}^n \tag{1} \] with \(n>2\) and \(p>1\). The functions \(V_1\) and \(V_2\) are continuous and satisfy \[ V_1(r) = r^{-2}(\lambda_1 + g_1(r)), \quad V_2(r) = r^{-s}(\lambda_2 + g_2(r)) \tag{2} \] with \(\lambda_1 \in \mathbb{R}\), \(\lambda_2 > 0\), \(s < 2\), and with \(g_1(r), g_2(r) = O(r^{\mu})\) as \(r \to 0\) for some \(\mu>0\). They are interested in radially symmetric (singular) solutions \(u(r)\) that are defined near the origin and satisfy \[ \lim_{r \to \infty} r^{\nu} u(r) = \infty, \] where \[ \nu = \frac{n-2-\sqrt{(n-2)^2 - 4 \lambda_1}}{2}. \] Let \(k = (2-s)/(p-1)\) and for \[ \lambda_1 < -k^2+(n-2)k \tag{3} \] denote \(L = [(-k^2+(n-2)k - \lambda_1)/\lambda_2]^{1/(p-1)} > 0\). A positive singular radial solution \(u(x)\) to (1) is called \textit{non-oscillatory} if \[ \lim_{|x| \to 0} |x|^k u(x) = L \] and \textit{oscillatory} if \[ 0 < \liminf_{|x| \to 0} |x|^k u(x) < \limsup_{|x| \to 0} |x|^k u(x) < +\infty. \] Let \[ p_S = \frac{n+2-2s}{n-2}. \] The main results of the paper are the following statements: (A) For \(1<p<p_S\) and if (2) holds there exist infinitely many non-oscillatory singular solutions and there exists no oscillatory singular solution. (B) For \(p > p_S\) and if (2) holds there exists one and only one non-oscillatory singular solution and there exists no oscillatory singular solution. (C) For \(p = p_S\) and \(\lambda_1 < (n-2)^2/4\) there exists one and only one non-oscillatory singular solution and there exist infinitely many oscillatory singular solutions. Results of comparable type have been obtained in the critical case in [\textit{M. Franca}, Funkc. Ekvacioj, Ser. Int. 48, No. 3, 331--349 (2005; Zbl 1387.35223); J. Dyn. Differ. Equations 17, No. 2, 391--425 (2005; Zbl 1097.34020); \textit{M. Franca} and \textit{M. Garrione}, Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 18, No. 1, 65--85 (2018; Zbl 1386.35100); \textit{Z.-C. Han} et al., Invent. Math. 182, No. 3, 635--684 (2010; Zbl 1211.53064); \textit{R. A. Johnson} et al., Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 20, No. 11, 1279--1302 (1993; Zbl 0803.35039)] and in the subcritical and supercritical case in [\textit{M. Franca} and \textit{M. Garrione}, Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 18, No. 1, 65--85 (2018; Zbl 1386.35100)].