Nonlinear equivalence of Banach spaces based on Birkhoff-James orthogonality (Q2235872)

Let \(X\) be a Banach space over the field \(\mathbb{K}\) (\(= \mathbb{R} \) or \( \mathbb{C}) \). Then for \(x, y \in X\), \(x \) is said to be Birkhoff-James orthogonal to \(y\), written as \(x \perp_{BJ} y\), if \(\|x + \lambda y \| \geq \|x\|\) for all \(\lambda \in \mathbb{K}\). A~Banach space \({X}\) is said to be isomorphic to another Banach space \(Y\) with respect to the structure of Birkhoff-James orthogonality if there exists a bijective mapping \(T : X \to Y\) such that \( x \perp_{BJ} y \) if and only if \( Tx \perp_{BJ} Ty\), and in this case it is denoted as \( X \sim_{BJ} Y.\) This paper deals with the study of isomorphic Banach spaces with respect to the structure of Birkhoff-James orthogonality. It is shown that \( \ell_p \not\sim_{BJ} \ell_q \) if \( 1 < p < q < \infty\). Further, it is proved that if \(H\) is a Hilbert space with \( \dim H \geq 3 \), then \( H \sim_{BJ} X\) for some Banach space \(X\) if and only if \( H = X\).