On duality of certain GKZ hypergeometric systems (Q2236437)

The paper proves a conjecture motivated by mirror symmetry, proposing a duality between GKZ hypergeometric systems. A GKZ hypergeometric system, introduced by \textit{I. M. Gelfand} et al. [Discriminants, resultants, and multidimensional determinants. Reprint of the 1994 edition. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser (2008; Zbl 1138.14001)], is a system of linear partial differential equations whose solutions are hypergeometric functions. Such a system of equations can be explicitly constructed from combinatorial data given by polytopes. Moreover, geometrically the linear partial differential equations can be viewed as vector bundles with flat connections, which play significant role in mirror symmetry. Mirror symmetry predicts that given an equivalence between the derived category of coherent sheaves of two Calabi-Yau manifolds \(X_1\) and \(X_2\), there exists a vector bundle with a flat connection such that the induced isomorphism between the complexified Grothendieck groups of \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) is given by parallel transport determined by the flat connection. In the paper under review, the authors study this expectation coming from mirror symmetry in the case when \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) are non-compact toric Calabi-Yau orbifolds. It is known by the work of \textit{Y. Kawamata} [J. Math. Sci., Tokyo 12, No. 2, 211--231 (2005; Zbl 1095.14014)] that if \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) are two different Crepant resolutions of singularities of a given Gorenstein toric singularity, then \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) are derived equivalent -- namely, they have equivalent derived categories. In this situation, it is expected that the corresponding vector bundle with a flat connection is a better behaved GKZ hypergeometric system, denoted by bbGKZ hypergeometric system in the article. In particular, such a system is determined from the polytope associated to the toric singularity, or the fan of the toric singularity. In the situation when one studies noncompact toric Calabi-Yau orbifolds there are two different bbGKZ hypergeometric systems one can consider: one is obtained from the Grothendieck groups of \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) (associated to the derived categories of coherent sheaves on \(X_1\) and \(X_2\)), the other is obtained from the compactly supported Grothendieck groups of \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) (associated to the derived categories of compactly supported coherent sheaves on \(X_1\) and \(X_2\)). The authors had previously conjectured a duality between these two bbGKZ hypergeometric systems [\textit{L. A. Borisov} and \textit{R. P. Horja}, Adv. Math. 271, 153--187 (2015; Zbl 1334.14024)], which is compatible with the natural duality defined by the Euler pairing between the Grothendieck group and the compactly supported Grothendieck group. In this paper the authors prove this conjecture in the situation when \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) are of complex dimension two. The proof uses an explicit study of the solutions to the GKZ systems, in particular, integral contour representations.