Dolbeault and \(J\)-invariant cohomologies on almost complex manifolds (Q2238524)

Let \((M,J)\) be an almost complex manifold and let \(A^{*}_{\mathbb{C}}\) denote the algebra of complex differential forms, and \(A^{*}_{\mathbb{R}}\) the algebra of real differential forms. The almost complex structure decomposes \(A^{*}_{\mathbb{C}}\) via a bigrading \(A^{k}_{\mathbb{C}} = \oplus_{p+q=k} A^{p,q}_{\mathbb{C}}\). Similarly, for real \(k\)-forms \(\alpha \in A^{k}_{\mathbb{C}}\), there is an action of \(J\) which extends to a map that squares to \(-\mathrm{Id}\) for \(k\) odd, and is an involution for \(k\) even. In particular, \(A^2_{\mathbb{R}} = A^+_{\mathbb{R}} + A^-_{\mathbb{R}}\) where \(A^+_{\mathbb{R}}\) denotes the \(J\)-invariant forms and \(A^-_{\mathbb{R}}\) denotes the \(J\)-anti-invariant forms. The \(J\)-invariant real cohomology group \(H^+\) is defined as the classes in the second real de Rham cohomology group \(H^2_{dR}\) that admit representative forms \(\alpha\) that are \(J\)-invariant and in the kernel of the exterior derivative \(d\). On the other hand, the exterior derivative decomposes as \(d = \mu + \partial + \overline{\partial} + \overline{\mu}\) where \(J\) is integrable if and only if \(\overline{\mu} \equiv 0\); the Dolbeault cohomology of an almost complex manifold (bigraded as \(H^{p,q}_{\mathrm{Dol}}\)) is defined as the \(\overline{\partial}\)-cohomology of the \(\overline{\mu}\)-cohomology, which coincides with the usual Dolbeault cohomology for complex manifolds (when \(\overline{\mu}\) vanishes). This more general Dolbeault cohomology, as in the complex case, is also induced from a filtration on differential forms. This filtration moreover has an associated spectral sequence, which agrees with the Frölicher spectral sequence in the complex case. The terms of the filtration are given by \(F^p A^k_{\mathbb{C}} = A^{p,q}_{\mathbb{C}} \cap \operatorname{ker} \overline{\mu} \oplus \bigoplus_{j \geq p+1} A^{j,k-j}_{\mathbb{C}}\). The authors of the paper prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the complexification \(H^+ \otimes \mathbb{C}\) to be included as a subgroup of \(H^{1,1}_{\mathrm{Dol}}\), with the condition being \(E^{0,1}_1 \simeq E^{0,1}_2\), with the caveat that the inclusion is only under isomorphism (they make a point about the map on cohomology induced by the identity on representatives is never well defined). The authors then apply their results to left-invariant almost complex structures on solvmanifolds, and show that the left-invariant spectral sequence satisfies Serre duality on every page, and that the left-invariant Dolbeault cohomology groups are isomorphic to the kernel of an appropriate Laplacian. They conclude the paper with explicit computations on solvmanifolds that do not admit any integrable complex structure.