Existence of multi-bump solutions for the magnetic Schrödinger-Poisson system in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) (Q2238538)

This paper deals with the following Schrödinger-Poisson system with magnetic field \[ \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -(\nabla+iA(x))^2u+(\lambda V(x)+Z(x))u + \phi u = f (|u|^2)u, \ \ \ &\text{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^3,\\ -\Delta \phi =u^2, &\text{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^3. \end{array}\right\}. \tag{S} \] Here, \(A\in L^2_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{R}^3)\), \(V,Z\in C(\mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{R})\), with \(V\) nonnegative in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), \(f\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) is increasing in \((0,+\infty)\) and identically \(0\) in \((-\infty,0)\). Using variational methods, the authors prove the following result: Assume that \begin{itemize} \item[1)] \(\overline{\text{int}V^{-1}(0)}=V^{-1}(0)\) and \(\text{int}V^{-1}(0)=\cup_{i=1}^k\Omega_i\), where \(\Omega_i\) is connected and \(\overline{\Omega_i} \cap \overline{\Omega_j}=\emptyset\), for all \(i,j=1,\ldots,k\) with \(i\neq j\); \item[2)] \(\inf_{(x,\lambda)\in\mathbb{R}^3\times [1,+\infty)}(\lambda V(x)+Z(x))>0\), \ \ and \ \ \(\sup_{x\in \mathbb{R}^3}|Z(x)|<+\infty\); \item[3)] \(\lim_{t\rightarrow 0^+}f(t)/t=0\), \ \ \ and \ \ \(\lim_{t\rightarrow +\infty}f(t)/t^q=0\), \ \ for some \(q\in (1,2)\); \item[4)] there exists \(\theta>2\) such that \(0<\theta \int_0^tf(s)ds\leq tf(t)\), \ \ \ for all \(t>0\). \end{itemize} Then, for any \(\Gamma \subseteq\{1,\ldots,k\}\), with \(\Gamma \neq \emptyset\), there exists \(\lambda^*>0\) such that, for each \(\lambda\geq\lambda^*\), system (S) admits a nontrivial solution \(u_\lambda\in \{v\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{C}): |(\nabla +iA)v|\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{R})\}\). Moreover, for each sequence \(\lambda_n\rightarrow +\infty\), \(\{u_{\lambda_n}\}\) converges, up to a subsequence in the norm \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}(|(\nabla +iA)v|^2+|v|^2)dx\), to a function \(u\) such that \(u=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^3\setminus \cup_{j\in \Gamma}\Omega_j\), and for \(j\in \Gamma\), \(u_{\mid \Omega_j}\) is a least energy solution of \[ \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -(\nabla+iA(x))^2u+(\frac{1}{4\pi}\int_{\Omega_j}\frac{|u(y)|^2}{|x-y|}dx+Z(x))u= f (|u|^2)u, \ \ \ &\text{in} \ \ \Omega_j,\\ u=0, &\text{on} \ \ \Omega_j. \end{array}\right. \] As a direct consequence of this result, it follows that system (S) has, for \(\lambda\) large, at least \(2^k-1\) multi-bump solutions.