Cocenters of \(p\)-adic groups. III: Elliptic and rigid cocenters (Q2238775)

Let \({\mathbb G}\) be a connected reductive group over a non-archimedean local field \(F\) with residue field having characteristic \(p\). Set \(G := {\mathbb G}(F)\), the group of \(F\)-valued points of \({\mathbb G}\). Let \(H_R(G)\) denote the associated Hecke algebra over an algebraically closed field \(R\) of characteristic different from \(p\). Further, let \(\bar{H}_R(G) := H_R(G)/[H_R(G),H_R(G)]\) denote the cocenter of \(H_R(G)\). Let \({\mathcal R}_R(G)\) denote the Grothendieck group of representations over \(R\) (more precisely, the \(R\)-vector space having basis the isomorphism classes of irreducible smooth admissible representations of \(G\) over \(R\)). These objects are related by the trace map \(\mathrm{Tr}_R : {\bar H}_R(G)\) to \({\mathcal R}_R(G)^*\), by which one may hope to relate information about the Hecke algebra to information on representations for \(G\). This work continues earlier work of the second author [Forum Math. Pi 6, Article ID e2, 27 p. (2018; Zbl 1392.22009); Adv. Math 345, 972--997 (2019; Zbl 1412.22033)] with such a goal in mind. Per title, the focus of this work is the relationship between two subspaces of \(\bar{H}_R(G)\): the rigid cocenter \(\bar{H}^{\mathrm{rig}}\) and the elliptic cocenter \(\bar{H}^{\mathrm{ell}}\). The rigid cocenter \(\bar{H}^{\mathrm{rig}}\) consists of elements represented by functions with support in the subset of compact-modulo-center elements in \(G\). The definition of the elliptic cocenter involves Levi subgroups of \(G\). Given a standard Levi subgroup \(M\) of \(G\), one has the parabolic induction functor \(i_M : {\mathcal R}_R(M) \to {\mathcal R}_R(G)\) with an adjoint restriction functor \(\bar{r}_M : \bar{H}_r(G) \to \bar{H}_r(M)\). Then \(\bar{H}^{\mathrm{ell}}\) consists of elements whose image under the restriction map \(\bar{r}_M\) is zero for any proper standard Levi subgroup \(M\). The main result is that \(\bar{H}^{\mathrm{ell}} \subseteq \bar{H}^{\mathrm{rig}}\). The proof makes use of explicit computations with \(\bar{r}_M\). A key concept used is the Newton decomposition \(\bar{H}_R(G) = \bigoplus \bar{H}_R(G;v)\) (corresponding to one for \(G\)) that was introduced and studied in the aforementioned work of the second author. Here the authors show that \(\bar{r}_M\) is compatible with the Newton decomposition allowing them to work component-wise with respect to this decomposition. The authors also include an appendix in which an alternate proof is given, under the assumption that \(F\) has characteristic zero, based on work of \textit{L. Clozel} [Ann. Math. (2) 129, No. 2, 237--251 (1989; Zbl 0675.22007)]. \par The authors give two significant applications of their result. First, they prove a version of the trace Paley-Wiener theorem. Under the assumption that the order of the relative Weyl group of \(G\) is invertible in \(R\), the image of the trace map \(\mathrm{Tr}_R\) is shown to be the set of all \textit{good forms} in \({\mathcal R}_R(G)^*\). Second, they deduce the abstract Selberg principle. Consider the \(R\)-vector space with basis given by the finitely generated projective \(G\)-modules. There is a rank map from this space to \(\bar{H}_r(G)\) and it is shown that the image is contained in the subspace of \(\bar{H}^{\mathrm{rig}}\) consisting of those elements with support in the subset of compact elements in \(G\).