Pathological behavior of arithmetic invariants of unipotent groups (Q2239237)

Let \(G\) be a connected linear algebraic group over a global field \(k\). The \textit{Tamagawa number of \(G\)}, \(\tau(G)\), is the volume of certain adelic coset space associated to \(G\) with respect the Tamagawa measure. Let \(\Sha^1(k,G)\) be the \textit{Tate-Shafarevich set of \(G\)}, which measures the failure of the Hasse principle for \(G\)-torsors. In [Algebra Number Theory 15, No. 8, 1865--1920 (2021; Zbl 1485.11160)] the author shows several results when \(G\) is either commutative or pseudoreductive. He proves that \(\tau(G)=\frac{\#\mathrm{Ext}^1(G,{\mathbb G}_m)}{\#\Sha^1(k,G)}\), where \(\mathrm{Ext}^1(G,{\mathbb G}_m)\) is certain subgroup of \(\mathrm{Pic(G)}\). In the case when \(G\) is pseudoreductive it is shown that \(\tau(G)\) and \(\#\Sha^1(k,G)\) are invariant under inner twisting and if \(G'\) is an inner form of \(G\), then \(\tau(G)=\tau(G')\) and \(\#\Sha^1(k,G)=\#\Sha(k,G')\). Finally, it is obtained, for \(G\) either commutative or pseudoreductive, a certain complex that is an exact sequence of pointed sets. The goal of the paper under review is to show that the results of the previous work are not longer true for arbitrary connected linear algebraic groups. For number fields, the general case follows from the reductive one. This is not so for function fields. It is shown that many of the previous results fail even for general wound noncommutative \(2\)-dimensional unipotent groups. In Theorem 3.8, it is proved that for every prime number \(p\), there is a global function field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\) and a wound noncommutative \(2\)-dimensional unipotent group \(U\) over \(k\) such that \(\tau(U)\neq \frac{\#\mathrm{Ext}^1(U,{\mathbb G}_m)}{\#\Sha^1(k, U)}\). With regard to their behavior under inner twisting, it is obtained in Theorem 5.1 that, for a global function field \(k\), there exists a wound noncommutative \(2\)-dimensional unipotent group \(U\) such that for every \(\varepsilon, M>0\), there exists an inner form \(U'\) of \(U\) such that \(\tau(U')<\varepsilon\) and \(\#\Sha^1( k,U')>M\). However, it is obtained that if \(G'\) is an inner form of \(G\), then \(\tau(G)/\tau(G')\) is an integral power of \(p\). It is also shown that there exists a constant \(N\), depending on \(G\), such that \(\tau(G')<N\) for all inner forms \(G'\) of \(G\). Finally, in Theorem 3.9, the author proves that for every prime number \(p\), there exists a global function field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\) and a wound noncommutative \(2\)-dimensional unipotent \(k\)-group \(U\) such that the complex of pointed sets described in his previous work, fails to be exact.