HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model with treatment at each infection stage: mathematical analysis and numerical simulation (Q2241268)

Summary: In the paper, we have considered a nonlinear compartmental mathematical model \textit{that assesses the effect of treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection in a human population} at different infection stage\textit{s}. Our model revealed that the disease-free equilibrium points of the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia submodels \textit{are both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the} associated basic reproduction numbers (\(\mathscr{R}_H\) and \(\mathscr{R}_P\)) are less than unity. Both the submodel endemic equilibrium points are locally and globally asymptotically stable \textit{whenever the} associated basic reproduction numbers (\(\mathscr{R}_P\) and \(\mathscr{R}_H\)) \textit{are greater than unity. The full HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model has both locally and globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium points whenever the basic reproduction number of the coinfection model} (\(\mathscr{R}_{HP}\)) \textit{is less than unity.} Using standard values of parameters collected from different kinds of literature, we found that the numerical values of the basic reproduction numbers of the HIV/AIDS-only submodel and pneumonia-only submodel are 17 and 7, respectively, and the basic reproduction number of the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model is \(\max\{7, 17\}=17\). Applying sensitive analysis, we identified the most influential parameters to change the behavior of the solution of the considered coinfection dynamical system are the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia transmission rates \(\beta_1\) and \(\beta_2\), respectively \textit{. The coinfection model was numerically simulated to investigate the stability of the coinfection endemic equilibrium point, the impacts of} transmission rates, and \textit{treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS-only, pneumonia-only, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfected individuals. Finally,} we observed that numerical simulations indicate that treatment against infection at every stage lowers the rate of infection or disease prevalence.