Solutions to the Hull-Strominger system with torus symmetry (Q2244920)

Let \(M\) be a compact complex threefold with a nowhere vanishing holomorphic \((3,0)\)-form \(\Omega\). Let \((\mathcal{E},H) \to M\) be a Hermitian vector bundle with Hermitian metric \(H\). The Hull-Strominger system is the following generalization of the Ricci-flat metrics on non-Kähler Calabi-Yau threefolds, coupled with the Hermitian Yang-Mills equations: (0.1) \(F_H^{2,0} = F_H^{0,2} = 0\), (0.2) \(F_H \wedge \omega^2 = 0\), (0.3) \(d(\| \Omega \|_{\omega} \omega^2) = 0\), (0.4) \(\sqrt{-1} \partial \overline{\partial} \omega = \frac{\alpha'}{4} (\text{tr}(R_{\nabla} \wedge R_{\nabla}) - \text{tr}(F_H \wedge F_H))\). Here, \(F_H\) and \(R_{\nabla}\) denote the curvatures of \(H\) and of a metric connection \(\nabla\) on \(TM\), respectively; the constant \(\alpha' \in \mathbb{R}\) is called the slope parameter. Equations (0.1) and (0.2) are the Hermitian Yang-Mills equations, (0.3) states that \(\omega\) is conformally balanced, while (0.4) is referred to as the \textit{Bianchi identity} or \textit{anomaly cancellation equation}. The anomaly cancellation equation (0.4) is responsible for much of the novelty and difficulty in finding solutions to the Hull-Strominger system. Observe that if \(\mathcal{E} = T^{1,0}M\) and \(H = \omega\), then the Hull-Strominger system reduces to \(\sqrt{-1} \partial \overline{\partial} \omega=0\) and \(d(\| \Omega \|_{\omega} \omega^2)=0\), implying that \(\omega\) is Ricci-flat Kähler. The first non-Kähler solutions were discovered by \textit{J. Fu} and \textit{S. Yau} [Commun. Anal. Geom. 15, No. 1, 29--76 (2007; Zbl 1122.35145); J. Differ. Geom. 78, No. 3, 369--428 (2008; Zbl 1141.53036)] on a class of toric fibrations over K3 surfaces, exploiting the following construction of \textit{E. Goldstein} and \textit{S. Prokushkin} [Commun. Math. Phys. 251, No. 1, 65--78 (2004; Zbl 1085.32009)]: Let \((S, \omega_S)\) be a K3 surface with a Ricci-flat Kähler metric \(\omega_S\). To any pair \(\omega_1, \omega_2\) of anti-self-dual \((1,1)\)-forms on \(S\), with integral cohomology classes \([\omega_1], [\omega_2] \in H^2(S, \mathbb{Z})\), Goldstein-Prokushkin associate a toric fibration \(\pi : M \to S\), with a nowhere vanishing holomorphic 3-form \(\Omega = \vartheta \wedge \pi^{\ast} \Omega_S\), where \(\vartheta = \vartheta_1 + \sqrt{-1} \vartheta_2\), and \(\vartheta_i\) are the connection forms on \(M\) such that \(d\vartheta_i = \pi^{\ast} \omega_i\) (where \(i=1,2\)). The \((1,1)\)-form \(\omega_0 =\pi^{\ast} \omega_S + \sqrt{-1} \vartheta \wedge \overline{\vartheta}\) is a balanced metric on \(M\). The solutions to the Hull-Strominger system constructed by Fu-Yau are obtained from taking \(M\) in the Goldstein-Prokushkin construction, and employing the following ansatz for the metric \(\omega_u = \pi^{\ast}(e^u \omega_S) + \sqrt{-1} \vartheta \wedge \overline{\vartheta}\), where \(u\) is a function on \(S\). This reduces the Hull-Strominger system to a two-dimensional Monge-Ampère equation with gradient terms \[ \sqrt{-1} \partial \overline{\partial}(e^u - f e^{-u}) \wedge \omega + \alpha' \sqrt{-1} \partial \overline{\partial} u \wedge \sqrt{-1} \partial \overline{\partial} u + \mu = 0,\] under the ellipticity constraint \((e^u + fe^{-u}) \omega + 4 \alpha' \sqrt{-1} \partial \overline{\partial} u > 0,\) where \(f \geq 0\) is a known function, and \(\mu\) is a \((2,2)\)-form with vanishing average. More precisely, the Fu-Yau theorem states that for a compact K3 surface \((S, \omega_S)\) with anti-self-dual \((1,1)\)-forms \(\omega_1, \omega_2\) as above, with \(\mathcal{E}\) a stable holomorphic vector bundle of degree \(0\) over \((S, \omega_S)\), satisfying \[ \alpha'(24 - (c_2(\mathcal{E}) - \frac{1}{2} c_1^2(\mathcal{E}) ) ) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2} \int_S (\| \omega_1 \|^2 + \| \omega_2 \|^2) \frac{\omega_S^2}{2}, \] there is a smooth Hermitian manifold \((M, \omega_u)\) and a metric \(h\) along the fibers of \(\mathcal{E}\) such that \(M\) is a principal torus bundle over \(S\) and \((\mathcal{V} = \pi^{\ast} \mathcal{E}, H = \pi^{\ast} h, M, \omega_u)\) solves the Hull-Strominger system. The main theorem of the present article generalizes the Fu-Yau theorem to K3 orbifolds, extending the result to Hermitian threefolds foliated by non-singular elliptic curves. Theorem A. Let \(X\) be a compact K3 orbifold with a Ricci-flat Kähler form \(\omega_S\) and orbifold Euler number \(e(X)\). Let \(\omega_1\) and \(\omega_2\) be anti-self-dual \((1,1)\)-forms on \(X\) such that \([\omega_1], [\omega_2] \in H_{\text{orb}}^2(X, \mathbb{Z})\) and the total space \(M\) of the principal \(\mathbb{T}^2\) orbifold bundle \(\pi : M \to X\) determined by them is smooth. Let \(\mathcal{E}\) be a stable vector bundle of degree \(0\) over \((X, \omega_X)\) such that \[\alpha'(e(X) - (c_2(\mathcal{E}) - \frac{1}{2} c_1^2(\mathcal{E}))) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2} \int_X ( \| \omega_1 \|^2 + \| \omega_2 \|^2) \frac{\omega_X^2}{2}.\] Then \(M\) has a Hermitian structure \((M, \omega_u)\) and there is a metric \(h\) along the fibers of \(\mathcal{E}\) such that \((\mathcal{V} = \pi^{\ast} \mathcal{E}, H = \pi^{\ast} h, M, \omega_u)\) solves the Hull-Strominger system. The theorem produces new simply connected compact complex examples of solutions to the Hull-Strominger system. In the direction of understanding the topology of compact simply connected 6-dimensional manifolds, the authors also obtain the following: Theorem B. Let \(13 \leq k \leq 22\) and \(14 \leq r \leq 22\). Then on the smooth manifolds \(S^1 \times \#_k (S^2 \times S^3)\) and \(\#_r (S^2 \times S^4) \#_{r+1} (S^3 \times S^3)\) there are complex structures with trivial canonical bundle admitting a balanced metric and a solution to the Hull-Strominger system via the Fu-Yau ansatz. The cases \(k=22\) and \(r=22\) respectively correspond to the solutions of Fu and Yau.