Rota-type operators on 3-dimensional nilpotent associative algebras (Q2245608)

Given an associative algebra \(A\) over a field \(F\), and \(\lambda\in F\), a linear map \(P : A\rightarrow A\) is said to be a Rota-Baxter operator of weight \(\lambda\) on \(A\) if \begin{align*} P(x)P(y)=P(xP(y)+xP(y)+\lambda xy)\quad (\text{ for all } x,y\in A). \end{align*} Rota-Baxter operators present a natural generalization of integration by parts formula for the integral operator, and widely used in pure mathematics and more recently mathematical physics. There are other Rota-type operators on \(A\), such as \begin{itemize} \item Reynolds operator: \(P(x)P(y) = P(xP(y) + P(x)y -P(x)P(y))\), \item Nijenhuis operator: \(P(x)P(y) = P(xP(y) + P(x)y -P(xy))\), \item average operator: \(P(x)P(y) = P(xP(y))\). \end{itemize} In this paper, the authors classify all Rota-Baxter operators, Reynolds operators, Nijenhuis operators and average operators on \(3\)-dimensional nilpotent associative algebras over the field of complex numbers.