Simultaneous flow of \(n\)-immiscible fractional Maxwell fluids with generalized thermal flux and Robin boundary conditions (Q2247621)

Consider the following generalized mathematical model: \[ \begin{cases} \tau_{i}+\lambda_{i}\mathfrak{D}_{t}^{\alpha_{i}}\tau_{i}=b_{i}\tfrac{\partial u_{i}}{\partial y},\quad \alpha_{i}\in(0, 1],\ i\in I_{n}^1:=\{1,2,\dots,n\},\\ q_{i}=-\gamma_0 k_{i}\mathfrak{D}_{t}^{1-\beta_{i}}(\tfrac{\partial T_{i}}{\partial y}),\quad \beta_{i}\in (0, 1],\ i\in I_{n}^1, \end{cases} \] where the Caputo derivative $\mathfrak{D}_{t}^\alpha$ is defined as \[ \mathfrak{D}_{t}^\alpha \mathfrak{F}(y,t):=\tfrac{1}{\Gamma(1-\sigma)} \int_0^t(t-\rho)^{-\sigma} \tfrac{\partial \mathfrak{F}(y,\rho)}{\partial\rho} d\rho,\quad 0\leq \sigma<1. \] In this study, authors consider the pressure gradient in the flow direction as a known function $-\tfrac{\partial P}{\partial x}=P(t)$, where $P(t)$ is a piecewise continuous function on $[0,\infty)$. After dimensionless form of the governing equations, authors have reduced their equations into the following forms: \begin{gather*} a_{i}\tfrac{\partial u_{i}}{\partial t}=-\tfrac{\partial p}{\partial x}+\tfrac{\partial\tau_{i}}{\partial y},\quad i\in I_{n}^1,\tag{1} \\ \nu_1\gamma_0\rho_{i}c_{ip}\tfrac{\partial T_{i}}{\partial t}=-\tfrac{\partial q_{i}}{\partial y},\quad i\in I_{n}^1,\tag{2} \\ \tau_{i}+\lambda_{i}\mathfrak{D}_{t}^{\alpha_{i}}\tau_{i}=b_{i}\tfrac{\partial u_{i}}{\partial y}, \quad \alpha_{i}\in(0, 1],\ i\in I_{n}^1,\tag{3} \\ q_{i}=-\gamma_0k_{i}\mathfrak{D}_{t}^{1-\beta_{i}}(\tfrac{\partial T_{i}}{\partial y}),\quad \beta_{i}\in(0, 1],\ i\in I_{n}^1,\tag{4} \end{gather*} with conditions: \begin{itemize} \item[i)] the dimensionless $n$-initial conditions: \[ T_{i}(y,0)=0,\quad q_{i}(y,0)=1,\quad u_{i}(y,0)=0,\quad \tau_{i}(y,0)=0,\quad i\in I_{n}^1,\tag{5} \] \item[ii)] The dimensionless boundary condition: \[ \text{on the bottom plate }y=0: \begin{cases} u_1(0,t)-l_0\tfrac{\partial u_1(y,t)}{\partial y}|_{y=0}=f_1(t) \\ T_1(0,t)-\delta_0\tfrac{\partial T_1(y,t)}{\partial y}|_{y=0}=g_1(t)\end{cases}\tag{6} \] \[ \text{on the upper plate }y'=h_{n}=0: \begin{cases} u_{n}(1,t)-l_0\tfrac{\partial u_{n}(y,t)}{\partial y}|_{y=0}=f_2(t)\\ T_{n}(1,t)-\delta_{n}\tfrac{\partial T_{n}(y,t)}{\partial y}|_{y=0}=g_2(t)\end{cases}\tag{7} \] \item[iii)] The nondimensional interface conditions: \[ \begin{cases} u_{i}(h_{i},t)+l_{i}\tfrac{\partial u_{i}(y,t)}{\partial y}|_{y=h_{i}}=u_{i+1}(h_{i},t)-l_{i}\tfrac{\partial u_{i+1}(y,t)}{\partial y}|_{y=h_{i}}\\ \tau_{i}(h_{i},t)=\tau_{i+1}(h_{i},t)\end{cases}\tag{8} \] \end{itemize} For the solution of the problem, they have applied the finite sine-Fourier transform coupled with the Laplace transform, to obtain explicit solutions of equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) with conditions (6)--(8). The problem is defined as a mathematical model which focuses on the fluid memory, which is represented by a constituent equation with the Caputo time-tfractional derivative. The integral transformations approach is used to determine analytical solutions for velocity, shear stress, and the temperature fields with fluid interface, initial, and boundary conditions. For semianalytical solutions, the algorithms of Talbot are used to calculate the Laplace inverse transformation for semianalytical solutions. Time-dependent simultaneous $n$-layer fluid flow in a rectangular channel was examined through heat exchange of Maxwell immiscible fluids with generic constitutive equations for the shear stress and heat flux.