Reconstruction of modified \(f(R,T)\) gravity with perfect fluid cosmological models (Q2248776)

In this paper a simple extension of General Relativity, in which the gravitational action is modified as \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\int d^4x\sqrt{-g}[R+2\mathcal{L}_m]\to\frac{1}{2}\int d^4x\sqrt{-g}[R+2f(T)+2\mathcal{L}_m]\), where \(R\) is the scalar curvature, \(\mathcal{L}_m\) is the usual matter Lagrangian and \(f(T)\) is an arbitrary function of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor \(T_{\mu\nu}\) of the matter, is considered. Modified Einstein equations are deduced from this action. Furthermore, the evolution equation for the expansion parameter in the homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology and for a perfect fluid is derived. In particular, functional forms for \(f(T)\) supporting de Sitter (exponential) expansion or power law expansion are derived. Moreover, the additional term can act as a new exotic fluid (in addition to ordinary matter). In this regard, an effective equation of state (EoS) \(\rho_d=\omega_d(T)\cdot p_d\) for this fluid is derived both in the case of de Sitter and in power-law expansion.