Hlawka's functional inequality (Q2248827)

The paper is devoted to the functional inequality \[ f(x+y)+f(y+z)+f(x+z)\leq f(x+y+z)+f(x)+f(y)+f(z), \tag{1} \] where a real-valued mapping \(f\) is considered either on an abelian group, or on a vector space, or on the real line. Note that for \(f(x,y)=\|x+y\|^2\) considered on a real or complex inner product space, this inequality is known as \textit{Hlawka's inequality} (cf. [\textit{H. Hornich}, Math. Z. 48, 268--274 (1942; Zbl 0027.13203)]). Several inequalities related to \((1)\) has been discussed mainly in connection with subadditivity and convexity (see e.g. [\textit{T. Popoviciu}, An. Sti. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iasi, N. Ser., Sect. Ia 11B, 155--164 (1965; Zbl 0166.06303)] and [\textit{C. Niculescu} and \textit{L.-E. Persson}, Convex functions and their applications. A contemporary approach. New York, NY: Springer (2006; Zbl 1100.26002)]). For other results see also [\textit{P. M. Vasic} and \textit{D. D. Adamovic}, Publ. Inst. Math., Nouv. Sér. 9(23), 107--114 (1969; Zbl 0183.15802); \textit{J. D. Kečkić}, Publ. Fac. Electrotech. Univ. Belgrade, Ser. Math. Phys. 274--301, 79--81 (1970; Zbl 0209.45701); \textit{J. C. Burkill}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 7, 617--626 (1974; Zbl 0275.26022); \textit{V. J. Baston}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 12, 402--404 (1976; Zbl 0317.26018); \textit{P. M. Vasic} and \textit{L. R. Stankovic}, Math. Balk. 6, 281--288 (1976; Zbl 0444.26014)]. The author's contribution to the above-mentioned results is his description of all solutions of \((1)\) under certain additional assumptions.