Categories of partial algebras for critical points between varieties of algebras. (Q2249403)

A lifting of a \((\vee,0)\)-semilattice \(S\) is an algebra \(A\) such that \(S\cong\mathrm{Con}_cA\), where \(\mathrm{Con}_cA\) is the \((\vee,0)\)-semilattice of all finitely generated congruences on \(A\). Here is studied a generalization to diagrams in semilatice-metric spaces and covers, replacing smallest congruences \(\Theta_A(x,y)\) which glue \(x,y\in A\) with \((\vee,0)\)-semilattice-valued distances. For this are introduced precamps: triples \(\text{A}=(A,\delta,S)\), where \(A\) is a partial algebra, \(S\) is a \((\vee,0)\)-semilattice, compatible with operations (an example: \((A,\Theta_A,\mathrm{Con}_cA)\)) and gamps: pregamps, endowed with partial subalgebra of \(A\); any algebra can be approximated by its finite subgamps. For these constructs are established many properties, e.g: if \(\mathcal V,\mathcal W\) are varieties of algebras with finite (possibly distinct) similarity type, \(\mathcal V\) is locally finite and congruence lattices of infinite algebras in \(\mathcal W\) are infinite, then every countable \((\vee,0)\)-semilattice with a lifting in \(\mathcal V\) has a lifting in \(\mathcal W\) iff every \(\omega\)-indexed diagram of finite \((\vee,0)\)-semilattices with a lifting in \(\mathcal V\) has a lifting in \(\mathcal W\). It is also proved that if \(\mathcal V\) is a non-semidistributive variety of lattices, then there is a bounded lattice \(A\in\mathcal V\) of cardinality \(\aleph_1\) with no congruence \(n\)-permutable, \(n\geqslant 2\), congruence-preserving extension.