Lindelöf's principle and estimates for holomorphic functions involving area, diameter or integral means (Q2254647)

This paper contains a collection of results that give estimates for holomorphic functions on the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\) in terms of the geometry of the image. Here is a sample of the results. If \(f\) is holomorphic on \(\mathbb{D}\) with \(f(0)=0\), it is proved that, for any \(z\) with \(|z|\leq r<1\), we have \[ |f(z)-f(0)-f'(0)z|\leq\left(\frac{Af(D)}{\pi}-|f'(0)|^2\right)^\frac{1}{2}\frac{r^2}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}, \] where \(Af(\mathbb{D})\) is the area of the image, with equality for some \(z\neq0\) and some \(r\) if and only if \(f\) is of the form \(f(z)=a_0+a_1z\). Other results give estimates on the \(H^p\) norms of a function \(f\) in terms of the corresponding norms of various symmetrizations of \(f\). One such result is the Alexander-Taylor-Ullman inequality \(\|f\|_2^2\leq \frac{Af(\mathbb{D})}{\pi}\), for \(f\) holomorphic on \(\mathbb{D}\) with \(f(0)=0\), which is strengthened by replacing the right hand side by the area of the image of a symmetrization of \(f\). An essential tool in many of the proofs is Lindelöf's principle: if \(D\) and \(\Omega\) are domains with Green's functions \(g_0\) and \(g_\Omega\), respectively, then for any \(a\in D\) and \(w\in\Omega\setminus\{f(a)\}\), we have \[ \sum_j g_D(z_j,a)\leq g_\Omega(w,f(a)), \] where the \(z_j\)'s are the preimages of \(w\). The author establishes that equality occurs in Lindelöf's principle if and only if there is an inner function \(\phi\) such that \(\phi(0)=0\) and \(f\circ F_D=F_\Omega\circ \phi\), where \(F_D\) is the universal covering map from \(\mathbb{D}\) to \(D\) with \(F_D(0)=a\) and \(F_D'(0)>0\), and \(F_\Omega\) is similarly defined.