Rudin's submodules of \(H^2(\mathbb{D}^2)\) (Q2255251)

Let \(H^2(\mathbb D^2)\) be the Hardy space over the bidisc \(\mathbb D^2=\mathbb D\times\mathbb D\) and \(M_{z_1},M_{z_2}\) be the the multiplication operators by the coordinate functions acting on this space. The authors introduce a class of subspaces of \(H^2(\mathbb D^2)\) invariant under \(M_{z_1}\) and \(M_{z_2}\). For such a subspace \(S\), they determine \(\dim(S\ominus (z_1S+z_2S))\).