The geometry of the dyadic maximal operator (Q2256078)

Let \((X,\mu)\) be a nonatomic probability measure space. A set \(\mathcal{T}\) of measurable subsets of \(X\) is called a tree, if the following conditions are satisfied: 1. \(X\in\mathcal{T}\) and for every \(I\in\mathcal{T}\), we have \(\mu(I)>0\). 2. To every \(I\in\mathcal{T}\) corresponds a finite or countable subset \(C(I)\subset\mathcal{T}\) containing at least two elements such that (i) the elements of \(C(I)\) are disjoint subsets of \(I\); (ii) \(I=\bigcup C(I)\). 3. \(\mathcal{T}=\bigcup_{m\geq0}\mathcal{T}_{(m)}\), where \(\mathcal{T}_{(0)}=\{X\}\) and \(\mathcal{T}_{(m+1)}=\bigcup_{I\in\mathcal{T}_{(m)}}C(I)\). 4. \(\lim_{m\to\infty}\sup_{I\in\mathcal{T}_{(m)}}\mu(I)=0\). For any \(\phi\in L^1(X,\mu)\) and \(x\in X\), the dyadic maximal function of \(\phi\), associated with \(\mathcal{T}\), is defined by \[ \mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{T}}\phi(x):=\sup\left\{\frac{1}{\mu(I)}\int_I|\phi|\,d\mu:\;x\in I\in\mathcal{T}\right\}. \] Let \(g,\,h:(0,1]\rightarrow(0,\infty)\) be nonincreasing integrable functions, \(G:[0,\infty)\rightarrow[0,\infty)\) a nondecreasing function. In this interesting paper, the author establishes that, for any \(k\in(0,1]\), \[ \sup\left\{\int_K G[(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{T}}\phi)^\ast]h(t)\,dt,\;\phi^{\ast}=g\right\} =\int_0^k G\left(\frac{1}{t}\int_0^tg(u)\,du\right)h(t)\,dt, \] where \(K\) is a measurable subset of \([0,1]\) with \(|K|=k\), and \(\phi^{\ast}\) denotes the rearrangement function of \(\phi\). Moreover, some applications of this equality are also given in this paper.