On the Jenkins circles covering theorem for functions holomorphic in a disk (Q2256631)

The Jenkins theorem on values omitted by univalent functions is extended to a subclass \(S_p(\tau)\) of meromorphic and \(p\)-valent functions in the unit disc and to a subclass \(D_p(\lambda)\) of functions holomorphic and \(p\)-valent in the unit disc. Here \(S_p(\tau)\) is the set of functions of the form \[ f(z) = z^p + a_{p+1} z^{p+1} + \ldots \] meromorphic and \(p\)-valent, \(p \geq 2\), in the unit disc \(U\) for which the total multiplicity of poles in \(U\) does not exceed \(p - 1\) and the distance from \(w = 0\) to the closest nonzero value is equal to \(\tau\), \(0 < \tau < \infty\); \(D_p(\lambda)\) is the set of functions of the form \[ f(z) = a_0 + a_1 z + \ldots \] holomorphic and \(p\)-valent in the unit disc \(U\) for which the inverse image of the circle \(f^{-1}(\{w: |w| = \rho\})\) for every \(\rho\geq \lambda\), \(0\leq \lambda < \infty\), contains no closed curve located in \(U\). The following theorems are proved. Theorem 1. Let \(f\in S_p(\tau)\) for \(\tau > \frac{1}{2} \sin^{2p} \frac{\pi}{4p}\) and let \(\rho\) be any real satisfying the inequality \[ \frac{\tau}{T_p(\cos\frac{\pi}{2p} + 2 (2 \tau)^{1/p})} < \rho < \min \{1, \tau\}. \] Then \[ m_f(\rho) \geq \rho [2 \pi p - t_p(\tau,\rho)]. \] Equality is attained for the function \[ f_1(z; p, \tau, \rho) = \frac{\tau}{T_p(\varphi_p(z; \tau, \rho))}. \] Theorem 2. Let \(f\) be any function from \(D_p(\lambda)\), \(0 < \lambda < \infty\), and \(\rho\) any positive number. Then the following inequality holds: \[ m_f(\rho) \geq \rho \left[2 \pi p - \alpha_p\left(\frac{a_1}{\lambda T_p^{\prime}(\sigma)}; \frac{\rho}{\lambda}, \sigma\right)\right] \] with \(\sigma = T_p^{-1}(|a_0|/\lambda)\). Equality is attained for the functions \[ f_2(z; p, \lambda, \rho, t, \sigma) = \lambda T_p(\psi_p(z; \lambda, \rho, t, \sigma)) \] for arbitrary \(t\), \(0 < t < 2 \pi p\), \(\sigma \geq \cos(\pi/(2 p))\).