Semigroup and Poincaré series for a finite set of divisorial valuations (Q2256777)

Let \(K\) be a field. A modification \(\pi\) of \(K^d\) is a composition of blow-ups \[ X_r\overset{\pi_r}\rightarrow X_{r-1}\overset{\pi_{r-1}}\rightarrow\cdots\overset{\pi_1}\rightarrow X_0 \overset{\pi_0}\rightarrow\text{Spec}(K^d), \] \(\pi=\pi_0\circ\pi_1\circ\cdots\circ \pi_r\), where \(\pi_0\) is the blowup of \(\text{Spec}(K^d)\) at the origin, and \(\pi_\sigma\), \(1\leq \sigma\leq r\), are blow-ups at smooth irreducible centers \(Z_\sigma\subset X_\sigma\) that are defined over \(K\), have codimension at least \(2\), and are contained in and have normal crossings with the exceptional locus of \(\pi_0\circ \cdots\circ \pi_{\sigma-1}\). Denote the exceptional locus of \(\pi_\sigma\), as well as its consecutive strict transforms, by \(E_\sigma\). For a non-zero polynomial \(g\in K[x_1,\ldots,x_d]=K[\underline x]\) let \(\nu_\sigma(g)\) be the vanishing order of \(g\circ \pi\) along \(E_\sigma\) (and \(\nu_\sigma(0)=\infty\)). Let \(E_{\sigma_1},\ldots,E_{\sigma_s}\) be \(s\) different components of the exceptional divisor \(E=\pi^{-1}(0)\), let \(\nu_i=\nu_{\sigma_i}\) for \(i\in\{1,\ldots,s\}\), set \(V=\{\nu_1,\ldots,\nu_s\}\), and for \(g\in K[\underline x]\) let \(\nu(g)=(\nu_1(g),\ldots,\nu_s(g))\) be the valuation vector of \(g\). The semigroup of values of \(V\) is the additive semigroup of \(\mathbb N^s\) defined by \(S_V=\{\nu(g)\mid g\in K[\underline x]\setminus\{0\}\}\). For every \(v\in \mathbb Z^s\) set \(J(v)=\{g\in K[\underline x]\mid \nu(g)\geq v\}\), and define the Poincaré series associated to \(V\) by \[ P_V(t_1,\ldots,t_s)=\frac{\prod_{i=1}^s(t_i-1)}{t_1\cdots t_s-1}\sum_{v\in\mathbb Z^s}d(v)\underline t^v \] where \(d(v)=\text{dim}(J(v)/J(v+\underline 1))\). Let \(\mathfrak m\) be the ideal of \(K[\underline x]\) generated by \(x_1,\ldots,x_d\); a subset \(\Lambda\subset\mathfrak m\) is a generating sequence for \(V\) if for every \(v\in \mathbb N^s\) the ideal \(J(v)\) is generated by all monomials in \(\Lambda\) that also lie in \(J(v)\). Let \(K\) be an infinite field. The authors prove that \(S_V\) is finitely generated if \(V\) admits a finite generating sequence, and that the Poincaré series \(P_V\) is a rational function whose denominator can be expressed in terms of the valuation vectors of the elements in the generating sequence. On the other hand, the authors give an example of a modification whose semigroup of values is not finitely generated.