Hölder continuity of solutions to the kinematic dynamo equations (Q2257385)

The authors prove the Hölder continuity of the solution to a parabolic problem accounting for the production of a magnetic field in a dynamo. They consider the parabolic problem \(B_{t}+u\cdot \nabla B=B\cdot \nabla u+\eta \Delta B\), \(\nabla \cdot B=0\) in \(\mathbb R^3\times [ 0,\infty )\), with the initial condition \(B(x,0)=B_0(x)\). Here, \(\eta \) is a positive constant and the drift velocity \(u\) is a divergence-free function which is taken in \(L^p([0,T];W^{1,q}(\mathbb R^3))\) with \(p=\frac{2}{\beta}\) and \(q=\frac{3}{1-\beta}\) for some \(\beta \in (0,1]\). The main result of the paper proves that if the divergence-free initial data \(B_0\) belongs to \(L^2(\mathbb R^3)\cap C^\alpha (\mathbb R^3)\) for some \(\alpha \in (0,1)\), then the above parabolic problem has a weak solution \(B\in C^\alpha\) with respect to \(x\) for all \(t\in [ 0,T]\) and \(\| B(\cdot,t)\|_{C^\alpha}\leq C\| B_0\| _{C^\alpha}\) for some constant \(C\) which depends on \(\eta \), \(T\), \(\alpha \), \(\beta \), \(\| B_0\| _{L^2}\) and \(\| u\| _{L^p([0,T];W^{1,q}(\mathbb R^3))}\). The authors first recall some properties of Hölder spaces among which is Campanato's characterization given in [\textit{S. Campanato}, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Sci. Fis. Mat., III. Ser. 17, 175--188 (1963; Zbl 0121.29201)]. The main tool of the proof is the study of the modulus of continuity \(\mathcal{I}\) of \(B\) defined as \(\mathcal{ I}(x,t,r)=\int_{B_1(0)}| B(x+ry,t)-\overline{B}(x,t,r)|^2\phi (y)dy\), where \(\phi \) is a smooth function with support in \(B_1(0)\) with integral equal to 1 and \(\overline{B}(x,t,r)=\int_{B_1(0)}B(x+ry,t) \phi (y)dy\). The authors derive properties of the partial derivatives of \( \mathcal{I}\) in order to get the desired estimate.