Nonstandard proofs of Herglotz, Bochner and Bochner-Minlos theorems (Q2258134)

Bochner's theorem states that if \(G\) is a locally compact abelian group and \(\varphi\) is a function of positive type on \(G\), then there exists a unique positive measure \(\mu\) on \(\hat{G}\), the dual group of \(G\), such that \(\varphi\) is the Fourier transform of \(\mu\), that is, \(\varphi(x)=\int \chi(x)d\mu(\chi)\). The theorem was first proven by Herglotz in the case \(G=\mathbb{Z}\) and by Bochner in the case \(G=\mathbb{R}\); the theorem for arbitrary locally compact abelian \(G\) is due to Weil. This article provides a unified approach to both the cases of \(\mathbb{Z}\) and \(\mathbb{R}\) using nonstandard analysis. The key idea is to first prove the finite discrete case (which is a triviality) and then use the fact that the hyperfinite version of Bochner's theorem yields the standard versions by allowing the hyperfinite case to induce a standard measure (as is often the case in applications of nonstandard analysis to measure theory).