Existence and analyticity of solutions to the drift-diffusion equation with critical dissipation (Q2258631)

Let \(\theta\in [1,2]\) and consider the initial value problem for the nonlocal drift-diffusion equation \[ \partial_t u + \Lambda^\theta u - \mathrm{div}( u \nabla (E_n*u)) = 0\;, \quad t>0, \;x\in\mathbb{R}^n\;, \] with initial condition \(u_0\). Here \(\Lambda^\theta\) denotes the fractional Laplacian defined by its Fourier transform \[ \mathcal{F}\left( \Lambda^\theta \varphi \right)(\xi) = |\xi|^\theta \mathcal{F}\varphi(\xi)\;, \quad \xi\in\mathbb{R}^n\;, \] and \(E_n\) is the Poisson kernel. Local well-posedness has already been established when \(\theta\in (1,2]\) and the techniques used for that purpose do not seem to extend to \(\theta=1\) as the nonlinearity is somehow of the same order as the diffusion. The contribution of the paper under review is to prove that, if \(\theta=1\), the above equation is locally well-posed in the weighted Sobolev space \[ H_2^s(\mathbb{R}^n) = \left\{ \varphi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\;: \;(1+|x|^2) (\mathrm{id} - \Delta)^{s/2}\varphi \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) \right\} \] for \(n\geq 3\) and \(s>(n+2)/2\). The solutions thus obtained are actually real analytic with respect to space and time for positive times as long as they exist.