\(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded identities of the Lie algebra \(W_1\) (Q2259156)

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic 0 and \(W_1\) the Lie algebra of the derivations of the polynomial ring \(K[t]\). This algebra has the basis \(e_n=t^{n+1}d/dt\), \(n\geq 1\) and the multiplication rule \([e_i,e_j]=(j-i)e_{i+j}\). The algebra \(W_1\) is \(\mathbb Z\)-graded \(W_1=\oplus_{i\in\mathbb Z} L_i\), where \(L_i=0\) whenever \(i\leq -2\) and each \(L_i\) is spanned by one element \(e_n=t^{n+1}d/dt\) for \(n\geq -1\). The algebra is known as the \textit{Witt algebra} and plays important role in applications. This algebra is one of simple Lie algebras of \textit{Cartan type}. It is known that this algebra satisfies (ordinary) \textit{standard identity}: \[ \sum_{\sigma\in S_4} (-1)^{\sigma}[y_0,y_{\sigma(1)},y_{\sigma(2)},y_{\sigma(3)},y_{\sigma(4)}]=0, \] where the commutators are left-normed. It is a long-standing open problem to determine whether or not all the identities satisfied in \(W_1\) are consequences of this identity. In the present paper the authors describe \(\mathbb Z\)-graded identities of \(W_1\) with respect to the natural grading. Let \(X=\{X^{i}_n\mid i\in\mathbb Z, n\in\mathbb N\}\) be a set of variables and \(L(X)\) the free Lie algebra freely generated over \(K\) by the set \(X\). A polynomial \(f(x^{i_1}_{j_1},\dots,x^{i_k}_{j_k})\in L(X)\) is a \textit{graded identity} of a \(\mathbb Z\)-graded Lie algebra \(L=\oplus_{r\in \mathbb Z}L_r\) if \(f(a_1,\dots,a_k)=0\) in \(L\) for every choice of \(a_t\in L_{i_t}\). The main result is as follows. { Theorem.} Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic zero. The graded identities \[ [x_1^i,x_2^i]=0,\quad i\geq -1; \] \[ \alpha [x_1^a,x_2^b,x_3^c]-\beta [x_1^a,x_3^c,x_2^b] =0; \] \[ x^d=0,\quad d\leq -2, \] where \(\alpha=(c-a)(b-c-a)\), \(\beta=(b-a)(c-b-a)\), form a basis for the \(\mathbb Z\)-graded identities of the Lie algebra \(W_1\) over \(K\). Furthermore, the authors prove that the graded identities of \(W_1\) do not admit any finite basis. Namely, they show that ''most'' of graded identities above are independent.